The relationship between cognitive dysfunction and brain damage in alcoholics: causal, interactive, or epiphenomenal?
The relationship between cognitive dysfunction and brain damage in alcoholics: causal, interactive, or epiphenomenal?
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酗酒者认知功能障碍与脑损伤之间的关系：因果关系、交互作用还是附带现象？
DOI：
10.1111/j.1530-0277.1981.tb04906.x
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发表时间：
1981
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Leber,WR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Parsons,OA;Leber,WR
奥斯卡·A·帕森斯(Oscar A.Parsons)博士和威廉·R·莱伯(William R.Leber)博士对酒精依赖ICS的认知功能进行研究通常是在戒断综合征缓解后进行的，并在持续几周至几个月的治疗计划中进行。患者通常处于“中间”阶段(Smith，1977)。在这个阶段，患者可能会有认知和行为的变化，但这些变化的程度还不足以保证诊断为慢性脑综合征。这种情况被认为是可逆的，尽管缺乏支持这一结论的准确数据。在过去的几十年里，研究已经确凿地证明，这类酗酒者中的大多数已经(A)改变了大脑结构和功能，(B)某些认知功能受到了轻到中度的损害。这篇论文的主要焦点将是了解两种功能障碍状态之间关系的本质。第二个重点将放在酗酒者认知缺陷的可逆性上。作为理解大脑和认知功能障碍之间关系的框架，我们将根据三种模型或假设关系对数据进行评估。首先，大脑功能障碍可能“导致”或直接导致认知缺陷，或者，令人惊讶的是，正如我们稍后将解释的那样，认知功能障碍可能是酒精中毒发展的原因。另一种可能的关系是我们称之为
Oscar A. Parsons, PhD, and William R. Leber, PhD esearch on cognitive functioning in alcohol-R ics usually is conducted after the withdrawal syndrome has subsided and during treatment programs of several weeks’ to several months’ duration. The patients are typically in an “intermediate” stage (Smith, 1977). In this stage patients may have cognitive and behavioral changes, but they are not of sufficient magnitude to warrant the diagnosis of chronic brain syndrome. This condition is considered reversible, although precise data in support of this conclusion is lacking. Over the last several decades research has firmly established that the majority of such alcoholics have (a) altered brain structure and function and (b) mild-to-moderate impairment of certain cognitive functions. The major focus of this paper will be on gaining an understanding of the nature of the relationships between the two states of dysfunction. A second focus will be on the reversibility of cognitive deficits in alcoholics.As a framework for understanding the relationships between brain and cognitive dysfunction, we will evaluate the data with respect to three models or hypothetical relationships. First, the brain dysfunction could “cause” or directly lead to cognitive deficits, or, surprisingly, as we will explain later, the cognitive dysfunction could be causal in the development of alcoholism. Another possible relationship is one we call