Developmental regulation of basal ganglia circuitry during the sensitive period for vocal learning in songbirds
Developmental regulation of basal ganglia circuitry during the sensitive period for vocal learning in songbirds
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DOI：
10.1196/annals.1298.037
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发表时间：
2004-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bottjer, SW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bottjer, SW
发育敏感期的一个标志是学习能力的增强，这样的经历对大脑产生深远的影响，导致行为和潜在的神经回路的建立，这种影响可以持续一生。鸣禽和人类一样，有一个声音学习的敏感期：它们在有限的发育时期获得用于声音交流的声音。原则上，任何进行声音学习的生物体都面临着同样的挑战：根据听觉经验形成目标声音的一些表征，然后将听觉目标转化为复制声音的运动程序。鸟类和人类都是通过使用听觉（和其他）反馈来实现这种翻译的，这些反馈来自于早期的发声（人类的“咿呀学语”，鸟类的“子歌”）来调整运动命令，直到声音输出产生目标声音的良好拷贝。鸟类和人类声音学习的相似之处表明，学习过程的许多方面都是为了满足声音交流的要求而进化的。因此，鸣禽为研究习得性声音交流的生理基础和敏感期的性质提供了一个有价值的动物模型。在这篇文章中，我描述了行为和神经框架的各个方面，这些方面目前告诉我们关于鸣禽声音学习和行为的机制的思考，并强调了可能需要重新检查的想法。
A hallmark of sensitive periods of development is an enhanced capacity for learning, such that experience exerts a profound effect on the brain resulting in the establishment of behaviors and underlying neural circuitry that can last a lifetime. Songbirds, like humans, have a sensitive period for vocal learning: they acquire the sounds used for vocal communication during a restricted period of development. In principle, any organism that undertakes vocal learning is faced with the same challenge: to form some representation of target vocal sounds based on auditory experience, and then to translate that auditory target into a motor program that reproduces the sound. Both birds and humans achieve this translation by using auditory (and other) feedback resulting from incipient vocalizations ("babbling" in humans, "subsong" in birds) to adjust motor commands until vocal output produces a good copy of the target sounds. Similarities between vocal learning in birds and humans suggest that many aspects of the learning process have evolved to meet demands imposed by vocal communication. Thus songbirds provide a valuable animal model in which to study the physiological basis of learned vocal communication and the nature of sensitive periods in general. In this article, I describe aspects of both behavioral and neural frameworks that currently inform our thinking about mechanisms underlying vocal learning and behavior in songbirds, and highlight ideas that may need re-examination.