A VOCABULARY-TEST FOR CHIMPANZEES (PAN-TROGLODYTES)
A VOCABULARY-TEST FOR CHIMPANZEES (PAN-TROGLODYTES)
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DOI：
10.1037/0735-7036.98.4.381
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发表时间：
1984-01-01
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
GARDNER, BT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
GARDNER, RA;GARDNER, BT
黑猩猩可以用美国手语 (ASL) 与独立的人类观察者进行交流，而人类观察者的唯一信息来源就是黑猩猩的 ASL 手语。对 4 只交叉饲养的黑猩猩（4-6 岁）进行了词汇测试。 35 毫米的彩色幻灯片被投影在屏幕上，黑猩猩受试者可以看到，但人类观察者却看不到。有2名观察者：O1是测试室中与受试者一起提问的人； O2在另一个房间。两个观察者都看不到对方或另一个观察者的反应。 O1 和 O2 对正确和错误符号的解读均一致，并且大多数符号都是幻灯片的正确 ASL 名称。为了表明黑猩猩正在命名自然语言类别——DOG这个符号可以指任何狗，FLOWER可以指任何花，SHOE可以指任何鞋子——每个测试试验都是第一次试验，因为测试幻灯片只出现一次。错误分析表明，手势形式和概念类别这两个方面控制着错误的分布。
Chimpanzees can communicate in American Sign Language (ASL) to independent human observers whose only source of information is the ASL signs of the chimpanzees. A vocabulary test was presented to 4 cross-fostered chimpanzees (4-6 yr old). Thirty-five-mm color slides were projected on a screen that could be seen by the chimpanzee subject but not by the human observers. There were 2 observers: O1 was the questioner in the testing room with the subject; O2 was in a different room. Neither observer could see the other or the responses of the other observer. O1 and O2 agreed in their readings of both correct and incorrect signs and most of the signs were the correct ASL names of the slides. To show that the chimpanzees were naming natural language categories--that the sign DOG could refer to any dog, FLOWER to any flower, SHOE to any shoe--each test trial was a 1st trial in that test slides were presented only once. Analysis of errors showed that 2 aspects of the signs, gestural form and conceptual category, governed the distribution of errors.