Functional Neuroscience of Psychopathic Personality in Adults
Functional Neuroscience of Psychopathic Personality in Adults
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/jopy.12113
复制
发表时间：
2015-12-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Viding, Essi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Seara-Cardoso, Ana;Viding, Essi
精神病是一种人格障碍，涉及一系列特征，包括冷酷无情、控制欲强和冲动。在这里，我们回顾了成人精神病态人格特征的功能神经相关性研究的最新进展。我们首先对诊断为 PCL-R 的临床样本中的功能神经影像学结果进行简要概述。然后，我们回顾了社区样本的研究，这些研究的重点是精神变态特征（不同测量的）的个体差异如何与大脑功能的个体差异相关。在适当的情况下，我们将这些研究的结果与临床样本的结果进行比较。现有数据表明，具有高水平精神病特征的个体在处理情感/显着刺激的大脑区域中表现出较低的活动，并且活动的减弱可能取决于任务的精确内容。在涉及道德处理、决策和奖励的任务中，它们似乎在通常与奖励处理和认知控制相关的区域也表现出较高的活性。此外，精神病的情感人际和生活方式反社会方面似乎与不同的非典型神经活动模式有关。社区样本的神经影像学发现通常反映了临床样本中观察到的结果，并且在很大程度上支持精神病是一种维度构造的观点。
Psychopathy is a personality disorder that involves a constellation of traits including callous-unemotionality, manipulativeness, and impulsiveness. Here we review recent advances in the research of functional neural correlates of psychopathic personality traits in adults. We first provide a concise overview of functional neuroimaging findings in clinical samples diagnosed with the PCL-R. We then review studies with community samples that have focused on how individual differences in psychopathic traits (variously measured) relate to individual differences in brain function. Where appropriate, we draw parallels between the findings from these studies and those with clinical samples. Extant data suggest that individuals with high levels of psychopathic traits show lower activity in affect-processing brain areas to emotional/salient stimuli, and that attenuated activity may be dependent on the precise content of the task. They also seem to show higher activity in regions typically associated with reward processing and cognitive control in tasks involving moral processing, decision making, and reward. Furthermore, affective-interpersonal and lifestyle-antisocial facets of psychopathy appear to be associated with different patterns of atypical neural activity. Neuroimaging findings from community samples typically mirror those observed in clinical samples, and largely support the notion that psychopathy is a dimensional construct.