Modern Piezoelectric Energy-Harvesting Materials
Modern Piezoelectric Energy-Harvesting Materials
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-29143-7
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发表时间：
2016-03
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Bowen;V. Topolov;H. Kim
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Bowen;V. Topolov;H. Kim
工业和家庭应用对自主设备和电蓄能器的兴趣日益增加，提出了为这些系统供电的问题。在过去的十年中，解决这一问题的重要趋势是利用来自环境的环境能量来为自主设备供电，并使其具有足够的能量浓度来为各种应用提供自供电。在我们感兴趣的环境能源中，我们可以提到太阳能、热能和机械能源。尽管如此，机械能的使用受到了很大的关注，因为机械能的来源可用于小型压电系统。从自然界中获取并转化为电能的机械能通常与强风、海浪、声音（声波）和地震有关。将机械形式的能量转换为电形式意味着使用压电材料，因为它们在压电换能器、传感器、自供电小型装置、水听器等中具有足够高的能量密度、各种机电特性和性能。在过去的十年中，能量收集领域的快速发展是显而易见的，此后“压电能量收集”一词在科学家和工程师的社会中得到了广泛的应用。压电能量收集是基于直接压电效应，在这种效应下，电荷（或压电元件的极化）从外部机械应力、应变、声波、振动源等产生。应该补充一点，压电能是做功的能力。它可以以势、动、热、电、化学、核或其他各种形式存在。能量可以通过各种方式从一种形式转换为另一种形式。例如，可用的机械能或电能是由多种设备产生的，包括燃烧燃料的热机、发电机、电池、燃料电池和磁流体动力系统。
An increasing interest in autonomous devices and electrical accumulators promoted by industrial and domestic applications has raised the issue of powering these systems. In the past decade, the important trend to address this problem consists in using ambient energy from the environment to supply autonomous devices and to make them self-powered with sufficient energetic concentration for various applications. Among the ambient-energy sources to be of interest, one can mention solar, thermal and mechanical sources. Despite this variety, much attention is paid to using mechanical energy, whose sources are available for small-size piezoelectric systems. Mechanical ambient energy to be taken from nature and converted into electrical energy is usually associated with strong winds, sea waves, sounds (acoustic waves) and earthquakes. A conversion of the mechanical form of energy into the electrical form implies using piezoelectric materials due to their sufficiently high energy densities, various electromechanical properties and performance in piezoelectric transducers, sensors, self-powered small-scale devices, hydrophones, etc. In the past decade, rapid growth in the energy-harvesting field has been obvious, and thereafter the term ‘piezoelectric energy harvesting’has become widespread in the society of scientists and engineers. Piezoelectric energy harvesting is based on the direct piezoelectric effect at which electrical charge (or polarisation of a piezoelectric element) is generated from an external mechanical stress, strain, acoustic wave, vibration sources and so on. It should be added that the piezoelectricEnergy is the capacity for doing work. It may exist in potential, kinetic, thermal, electrical, chemical, nuclear, or other various forms… Energy can be converted from one form to another in various ways. Usable mechanical or electrical energy is, for instance, produced by many kinds of devices, including fuel-burning heat engines, generators, batteries, fuel cells, and magnetohydrodynamic systems.