Talking on a cellular telephone dramatically increases ‘sustained inattentional blindness’
Talking on a cellular telephone dramatically increases ‘sustained inattentional blindness’
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使用手机通话会显着增加“持续性无意失明”
DOI：
10.1167/3.9.156
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Rachel S. Sussman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Scholl;Nicholaus S. Noles;Vanya Pasheva;Rachel S. Sussman
在日常生活中，注意力不仅在计算机显示器上不断传播，而且还在几种模式、任务和物体上传播，目前还不清楚注意力在这种现实情况下是如何运作的。在这里，我们报告了一个惊人的影响，持续的无意视盲（SIB）引起的一个特别相关的注意力要求的任务：在手机上通话。许多研究表明，用手机通话会减慢反应速度，增加表现错误，并降低详细的视觉记忆。但是，虽然有些交通事故无疑是由这些因素造成的，但许多事故有不同的原因：为什么我撞上了另一辆车？因为我没看见！在这里，我们报告了使用手机对视觉意识影响的第一个测试。观察员观看了一个动态显示包含许多移动的项目与各种功能，并给予了一个“多对象跟踪”（MOT）的任务。观察者完成了3次试验，然后在第4次试验中发生了意外事件（UE）：一个新的显著物体突然进入并穿过显示器，完全可见并运动5秒。然后，观察者以几种方式探测他们对UE的意识，并且在其他研究中，许多观察者（30%）是“无意中失明”的，并且完全无法感知UE。另一组观察者完成了同样的任务，但在实验过程中也与一名同伙进行了手机通话。这些观察者在公开的MOT任务中的准确度并不差，但他们的SIB水平飙升至90%！这种损伤的性质在几个额外的控制中得到了改善，在这些控制中，受试者必须说话但不听同盟者，听但不说话，或者无意识地阴影一系列单词。由手机通话和其他认知参与控制引起的SIB的大幅跳跃表明了一个发人深省的结论：手机通话对视觉意识的损害尤其严重，超过了对视觉表现的任何较小影响。
In daily life attention is constantly spread not just across computer displays, but across several modalities, tasks, and objects, and it is unclear how attention operates in such realistic situations. Here we report a striking effect of sustained inattentional blindness (SIB) induced by one particularly relevant attention-demanding task: talking on a cellular telephone. Much research has shown that talking on a cellphone will slow responses, increase performance errors, and degrade detailed visual memory. But while some traffic accidents are no doubt caused by such factors, many have a different cause: Why did I hit the the other car? Because I didn't* see* it! Here we report a first test of the impact of cellphone use on visual awareness. Observers viewed a dynamic display containing many moving items with various features, and were given a ‘multiple object tracking’(MOT) task. Observers completed 3 trials, then on the 4th trial an unexpected event (UE) occurred: a new salient object suddenly entered and passed across the display, fully visible and in motion for 5 s. Observers were then probed in several ways for their awareness of the UE, and as in other studies many observers—30%—were ‘inattentionally blind’, and completely failed to perceive the UE. Another group of observers completed the identical task, but also had a cellphone conversation with a confederate during the experiment. These observers were no less accurate at the overt MOT task, but their level of SIB skyrocketed to 90%! The nature of this impairment was refined in several additional controls, in which subjects had to talk but not listen to the confederate, listen but not talk, or mindlessly shadow a list of words. The massive jumps in SIB caused by the cellphone conversations and other cognitively engaging controls suggests a sobering conclusion: that visual* awareness* is particularly impaired by cellphone conversations, above and beyond any smaller effects on visual performance.