Sources of mortality for a cynipid gall-wasp (Dryocosmus dubiosus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)): The importance of the Tannin/Fungus interaction
Sources of mortality for a cynipid gall-wasp (Dryocosmus dubiosus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)): The importance of the Tannin/Fungus interaction
复制标题
食蟹瘿黄蜂（Dryocosmus dubiosus（膜翅目：食蟹科））的死亡来源：单宁/真菌相互作用的重要性
作者：
M. Taper;E. Zimmerman;T. Case
对1300只拟谷蜂瘿进行了羽化试验。虫瘿收集在整个单一的主机树（加州海岸活栎）。每个虫瘿单独饲养在小明胶胶囊中。对于每个虫瘿数据记录在17个参数上，其特征在于重寄生，真菌侵染，叶单宁水平，种间和种内竞争，以及树内的空间位置。通过列联表分析和Logistic回归分析，我们确定了影响D. dubiosus虫瘿是1）真菌侵染和2）小孢子虫重寄生，两者都具有负面影响。在调查的因素中，我们发现叶单宁水平对真菌侵染程度的影响最大。真菌感染，反过来，是最低的地区，高叶单宁。
SummaryEmergence success was determined for 1300 galls of the cynipid waspDryocosmus dubiosus. Galls were collected throughout a single host tree (a California coast live oakQuercus agrifolia). Each gall was reared individually in small gelatin capsules. For each gall data was recorded on 17 parameters characterizing hyperparasitism, fungal infestation, leaf tannin levels, inter- and intraspecific competition, and spatial position within the tree. Using contingency table analysis and logistic regression, we determined that the most significant factors influencing the success ofD. dubiosus galls are 1) fungal infestation and 2) chalcid hyperparasitism, both having negative effects. Of the factors investigated we found that leaf tannin level had the strongest influence on the degree of fungal infestation. Fungal infestation, in turn, is lowest in regions of high leaf tannins.