MODIFICATION OF SAND FLY BITING BEHAVIOR BY LEISHMANIA LEADS TO INCREASED PARASITE TRANSMISSION
MODIFICATION OF SAND FLY BITING BEHAVIOR BY LEISHMANIA LEADS TO INCREASED PARASITE TRANSMISSION
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DOI：
10.4269/ajtmh.1985.34.278
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发表时间：
1985-01-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
LEEUWENBURG, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BEACH, R;KIILU, G;LEEUWENBURG, J
为探讨大白鼠的鼠间传播，将实验室饲养的白纹伊蚊饲养于感染大白鼠的小鼠上，21天后再喂给未感染的小鼠。试探1-2次，在10分钟内吃一顿全血餐，或试探3次或以上，在15分钟或更长时间内很少或不采血的苍蝇。解剖后，在8只难以获得血餐的苍蝇中，有7只在它们的尾巴中有鞭毛，这一观察结果支持了这样的假设，即消化道这一部分的寄生虫改变了正常的觅血行为。探查1~2次的感染女性均未发生类似的前站感染。感染的沙蝇将主要乳杆菌传播给未感染的小鼠，一只苍蝇在反复采血时从一只小鼠转移到另一只小鼠，感染了5只小鼠。在肯尼亚巴林戈区长达一年的调查中，共收集到9182只雌性沙蝇。在本次采集中捕获的278只杜氏疟原虫中只有2只感染了大白鼠，而该地区的789只小啮齿动物中有18只感染了大白鼠。寄生虫对正常血液摄取的干扰可能解释了为什么相对较少的杜波斯基疟原虫种群，其中只有几个种群感染了主要乳杆菌，可以扩大寄生虫的传播，从而在当地啮齿动物中保持不成比例的大储藏量。
To attempt rodent-sand fly-rodent transmission of L. major, laboratory-reared Phlebotomus doboscqi were fed on L. major-infected mice and then refed on uninfected mice 21 days later. Flies which refed either probed 1-2 times and took a full blood meal in < 10 min or probed 3 or more times and took little or no blood during a period of 15 min or more. When dissected, 7 of 8 flies which experienced difficulty in obtaining a blood meal had flagellates in their cibaria, an observation supporting the hypothesis that parasites in this part of the alimentary canal modify normal blood feeding behavior. None of the infected females which probed 1-2 times had similar anterior station infections. Infected sand flies transmitted L. major to uninfected mice and a single fly, transfered from 1 mouse to the next while repeatedly attempting to take blood, infected 5 mice. During a year-long survey in Baringo District, Kenya, 9182 female sand flies were collected. Only 2 of the 278 P. duboscqi captured during this collection were infected with L. major, however, 18 of the 789 small rodents from this area were infected with L. major. Parasite interference with normal blood feeding may explain how a relatively small population of P. duboscqi, only a few of which are infected with L. major, can amplify parasite transmission thereby maintaining a disproportionately large reservoir in local rodents.