Markers of the denormalisation of smoking and the tobacco industry
Markers of the denormalisation of smoking and the tobacco industry
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DOI：
10.1136/tc.2007.021386
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Freeman, B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chapman, S.;Freeman, B.
背景：在有着吸烟率下降历史和全面烟草控制政策的国家中，吸烟积极文化已受到严重侵蚀。如今，吸烟、吸烟者和烟草业经常以各种极其负面的方式出现在日常话语和媒体报道中。一些作者援引欧文·戈夫曼的污名化概念来描述这一根本性转变的过程和影响，其中重要的是包括激励戒烟。迄今为止，描述各国在全面烟草控制方面取得的进展的努力很少考虑到文化变迁对吸烟含义的作用以及吸烟变得非正常化的多种方式。方法：本文识别了吸烟、吸烟者和烟草业“被破坏的身份”的各种通常未记录但普遍存在的标记，并以烟草控制先进国家澳大利亚的例子进行说明。结果：我们警告人们对吸烟的污名化所产生的一些重要的负面后果。结论：我们建议，对国家烟草控制全面性进行评级的方案应辅以这种非规范化标记的记录。
Background: In nations with histories of declining smoking prevalence and comprehensive tobacco control policies, smoking-positive cultures have been severely eroded. Smoking, smokers and the tobacco industry are today routinely depicted in everyday discourse and media representations in a variety of overwhelmingly negative ways. Several authors have invoked Erving Goffman's notions of stigmatisation to describe the process and impact of this radical transformation, which importantly includes motivating smoking cessation. Efforts to describe nations' progress toward comprehensive tobacco control have hitherto taken little account of the role of cultural change to the meaning of smoking and the many ways in which it has become denormalised.Methods: This paper identifies a diversity of generally undocumented yet pervasive markers of the "spoiled identity'' of smoking, smokers and the tobacco industry, illustrated with examples from Australia, a nation with advanced tobacco control.Results: We caution about some important negative consequences arising from the stigmatisation of smokers.Conclusions: We recommend that schemes rating the comprehensiveness of national tobacco control should be supplemented by documentation of markers of this denormalisation.