Everyday moral decision-making after acute stress exposure: do social closeness and timing matter?
Everyday moral decision-making after acute stress exposure: do social closeness and timing matter?
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DOI：
10.1080/10253890.2020.1846029
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发表时间：
2020-11
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Nina Singer;Julia Binapfl;M. Sommer;S. Wüst;B. Kudielka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nina Singer;Julia Binapfl;M. Sommer;S. Wüst;B. Kudielka
摘要 越来越多的经验证据表明，社交距离和时间安排会影响急性压力暴露后的亲社会行为。本研究的重点是急性社会心理压力后的日常道德决策，以及社会亲密程度和时间安排如何影响该决策。我们让 40 名年轻健康男性接受特里尔社会压力测试 (TSST, n = 20) 或其无压力安慰剂版本 (PTSST, n = 20)。在 (P)TSST 暴露后的早期（+10 至 +30 分钟）和晚期（+75 至 +95 分钟）通过日常道德冲突情境 (EMCS) 量表评估道德决策。 EMCS 量表要求对目标人群的亲密程度不同的日常道德冲突情况做出利他与利己的反应。结果显示，在压力下，以及在涉及社交亲密（例如母亲）和社交疏远（例如陌生人）的主角的场景中，利他决策的总百分比显着高于控制条件，而时间的主要影响并不显着。只有二次分析显示，在测量的早期，但在测量的后期，对社交亲密的主角而非遥远的主角暴露急性压力后，利他决策会增加。此外，心理压力反应和人格特质与 EMCS 评分显着相关。皮质醇水平与利他决策之间的正相关性是可描述性观察到的，但并未达到统计学显着性。总之，我们的研究结果表明，与社交距离较远的主角相比，对社交距离较近的主角的利他决策有所增加，并提供了进一步的证据，表明急性压力以亲社会的方式影响日常道德冲突场景中的决策。为了调查急性压力对日常道德决策的影响，40 名年轻健康男性通过使用特里尔社会压力测试（TSST）或其无压力安慰剂版本暴露于中等社会心理压力，然后完成假设的日常道德决策范式。我们的研究结果证明，急性压力暴露会以亲社会的方式影响日常道德冲突情况下的决策。此外，在涉及社交亲密（例如母亲）和社交疏远（例如陌生人）的主角的场景中，参与者会更加无私地做出决定。
Abstract There is increasing empirical evidence that social distance and timing affect prosocial behavior after acute stress exposure. The present study focused on everyday moral decision-making after acute psychosocial stress and how it is influenced by effects of social closeness and timing. We exposed 40 young healthy men to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST, n = 20) or its non-stressful placebo version (PTSST, n = 20). Moral decision-making was assessed early (+10 until +30 min) and late (+75 until +95 min) after (P)TSST exposure by the Everyday Moral Conflict Situations (EMCS) Scale. The EMCS Scale requests altruistic versus egoistic responses to everyday moral conflict situations with varying closeness of target persons. Results revealed significantly higher total percentages of altruistic decisions in the stress than in the control condition and for scenarios involving socially close (e.g., mother) versus socially distant (e.g., stranger) protagonists, while the main effect of timing was nonsignificant. Only secondary analyses showed increased altruistic decision-making after acute stress exposure toward socially close but not toward distant protagonists at the early but not at the late point of measurement. Moreover, psychological stress responses and personality traits were significantly associated with EMCS scores. Positive correlations between cortisol levels and altruistic decision-making were descriptively observable, but did not reach statistical significance. In sum, our findings suggest increased altruistic decision-making toward socially close compared to socially distant protagonists and provide further evidence that acute stress influences decision-making in everyday moral conflict scenarios in a prosocial manner. Lay summary In order to investigate the effects of acute stress on everyday moral decision-making, 40 young healthy men were exposed to moderate psychosocial stress by the use of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) or its non-stressful placebo version and then completed a hypothetical everyday moral decision-making paradigm. Our findings provide evidence that acute stress exposure influences decision-making in everyday moral conflict situations in a prosocial manner. Furthermore, participants decided more altruistically in scenarios involving socially close (e.g., mother) versus socially distant (e.g., stranger) protagonists.