Placental exosomes: A proxy to understand pregnancy complications.
Placental exosomes: A proxy to understand pregnancy complications.
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DOI：
10.1111/aji.12788
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发表时间：
2018-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Menon R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jin J;Menon R
外泌体（30- 150 nm颗粒），通过内体膜的内陷而起源于多泡体，是细胞之间的通讯通道。外泌体由各种细胞类型和货物蛋白、脂质和核酸释放，反映其来源细胞的生理状态，并引起受体细胞的功能变化，这可能取决于其数量和/或货物含量。最近，由各种胎盘细胞类型产生的胎盘外泌体已经使用胎盘蛋白特异性标志物胎盘碱性磷酸酶（PLAP）从母体血液中分离出来。PLAP阳性外泌体早在妊娠前三个月就出现在母体血液中，并随着妊娠进展而增加，在足月时出现最大数量。尽管胎盘外泌体的功能相关性仍在研究中，但几项研究已将胎盘外泌体变化（数量和货物）与不良妊娠事件相关的胎盘功能障碍联系起来。由于胎盘外泌体可以从母体血液中分离，因此它们是反映胎盘功能的液体活组织检查。因此，它们可用作通过非侵入性方法获得的胎盘功能和功能障碍的生物标志物。本文综述了exosomes的生物发生、释放和功能，并具体阐述了胎盘特异性exosomes的作用及其与妊娠并发症的关系。
Exosomes (30–150nm particles), originating from multivesicular bodies by the invagination of the endosomal membrane, are communication channels between cells. Exosomes are released by various cell types and cargo proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids reflecting the physiologic status of their cells of origin and cause functional changes in recipient cells, which are likely dependent on their quantity and/or cargo contents. Recently, placental exosomes, produced by various placental cell types, have been isolated from maternal blood using the placental protein-specific marker, placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP). PLAP-positive exosomes are seen in maternal blood as early as the first trimester of pregnancy and increase as gestation progresses, with maximum numbers seen at term. Although the functional relevance of placental exosomes is still under investigation, several studies have linked placental exosomes changes (quantity and cargo) reflecting placental dysfunctions associated with adverse pregnancy events. Since placental exosomes can be isolated from maternal blood, they are liquid biopsies reflecting placental functions. Hence, they are useful as biomarkers of placental functions and dysfunctions obtainable through noninvasive approaches. This review summarizes the biogenesis, release, and functions of exosomes and specifically expounds the role of placental-specific exosomes and their significance associated with pregnancy complications.
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DOI：
10.1136/bmj.f6564
发表时间：
2013-11-07
期刊：
BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Ananth CV;Keyes KM;Wapner RJ
通讯作者：
Wapner RJ
影响因子：
19.6
作者：
Keller, S.;Rupp, C.;Altevogt, P.
通讯作者：
Altevogt, P.
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Duijvesz D;Burnum-Johnson KE;Gritsenko MA;Hoogland AM;Vredenbregt-van den Berg MS;Willemsen R;Luider T;Paša-Tolić L;Jenster G
通讯作者：
Jenster G
影响因子：
4
作者：
Fitzner, Dirk;Schnaars, Mareike;Simons, Mikael
通讯作者：
Simons, Mikael
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Gercel-Taylor, C;O'Connor, SM;Taylor, DD
通讯作者：
Taylor, DD