Repeated evolution of testis-specific new genes: the case of telomere-capping genes in Drosophila.
Repeated evolution of testis-specific new genes: the case of telomere-capping genes in Drosophila.
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DOI：
10.1155/2012/708980
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Loppin B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dubruille R;Marais GA;Loppin B
比较基因组分析已经允许识别涉及基因出生的各种机制。然而，理解驱动新基因起源的进化力量仍然是一个重大挑战。特别是，新基因的研究中出现了一个有趣但尚未完全理解的趋势：其中许多基因显示出睾丸特异性表达模式，但人们对此知之甚少。在这里，我们回顾这样一个新的基因，其中涉及一个端粒帽基因家族在果蝇的情况下。hiphop和其睾丸特异性的para-k81分别对体细胞和雄性配子中染色体末端的保护至关重要。两个独立的功能研究最近提出，这些基因下的生殖亚功能化制度的演变。2011年发布的来自黑腹果蝇的新果蝇基因组序列使我们能够加深对hiphop/K81家族的系统发育分析。这项工作揭示了一个意料之外的动态基因出生和死亡的组内，与经常性的重复事件通过逆转录机制。最后，我们讨论了不同的进化情景，可以解释这个基因家族的多样化的可解释性。
Comparative genome analysis has allowed the identification of various mechanisms involved in gene birth. However, understanding the evolutionary forces driving new gene origination still represents a major challenge. In particular, an intriguing and not yet fully understood trend has emerged from the study of new genes: many of them show a testis-specific expression pattern, which has remained poorly understood. Here we review the case of such a new gene, which involves a telomere-capping gene family in Drosophila. hiphop and its testis-specific paralog K81 are critical for the protection of chromosome ends in somatic cells and male gametes, respectively. Two independent functional studies recently proposed that these genes evolved under a reproductive-subfunctionalization regime. The 2011 release of new Drosophila genome sequences from the melanogaster group of species allowed us to deepen our phylogenetic analysis of the hiphop/K81 family. This work reveals an unsuspected dynamic of gene birth and death within the group, with recurrent duplication events through retroposition mechanisms. Finally, we discuss the plausibility of different evolutionary scenarios that could explain the diversification of this gene family.