Occurrence, Dynamics and Reactions of Organic Pollutants in the Indoor Environment
Occurrence, Dynamics and Reactions of Organic Pollutants in the Indoor Environment
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DOI：
10.1002/clen.200900015
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发表时间：
2009-06
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
T. Salthammer;M. Bahadir
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Salthammer;M. Bahadir
室内环境是一个多学科的科学领域，涉及化学，物理学，生物学，健康科学，建筑学，建筑科学和土木工程。对人体暴露于室内污染物的可靠评估的必要性正引起越来越多的关注。然而，这需要详细了解相关化合物、其来源、物理和化学性质、动力学、反应、其在气相、空气中的颗粒和沉降尘埃中的分布以及现代测量技术的可用性。建筑产品、家具和其他室内材料经常散发挥发性和半挥发性有机化合物。关于健康的室内环境，建筑物中应仅使用不会对室内空气质量产生负面影响的低排放产品。因此，需要对室内使用的材料和产品进行化学排放评估。这是在试验室和细胞中常规进行的。许多研究表明，职业和住宅室内环境中的源类型、排放化合物的光谱和排放持续时间涵盖范围很广。由于需要在实验室条件下采用标准化的测试方法，因此产生了若干确定排放率的准则。此外，现在已经认识到，一次排放和二次排放都可能影响室内空气质量。当不同材料的组分可以彼此反应或当应用催化材料时，该问题可能变得更加突出。室内相关反应产生的此类产品可能会对室内空气质量产生负面影响，因为它们的气味阈值低，与健康相关的特性或形成超细颗粒。有几个因素可以影响排放特性，许多调查表明，室内化学对建筑产品排放的室内相关表征特别重要。本文概述了上述主题的最新研究进展。
The indoor environment is a multidisciplinary scientific field involving chemistry, physics, biology, health sciences, architecture, building sciences and civil engineering. The need for reliable assessment of human exposure to indoor pollutants is attracting increasing attention. This, however, requires a detailed understanding of the relevant compounds, their sources, physical and chemical properties, dynamics, reactions, their distribution among the gas phase, airborne particles and settled dust as well as the availability of modern measurement techniques. Building products, furnishings and other indoor materials often emit volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds. With respect to a healthy indoor environment, only low emitting products, which do not influence indoor air quality in a negative way, should be used in a building. Therefore, materials and products for indoor use need to be evaluated for their chemical emissions. This is routinely done in test cambers and cells. Many studies have shown that the types of sources in occupational and residential indoor environments, the spectrum of emitting compounds and the duration of emission cover a wide range. The demand for standardized test methods under laboratory conditions has resulted in several guidelines for determination of emission rates. Furthermore, it has now been recognized that both primary and secondary emissions may affect indoor air quality. The problem may become more dominant when components of different materials can react with each other or when catalytic materials are applied. Such products derived from indoor related reactions may have a negative impact on indoor air quality due to their low odor threshold, health related properties or the formation of ultrafine particles. Several factors can influence the emission characteristics and numerous investigations have shown that indoor chemistry is of particular importance for the indoor related characterization of building product emissions. This paper provides an overview of the current state of the art research on the mentioned topics.