Attributing Blame to Robots: I. The Influence of Robot Autonomy
Attributing Blame to Robots: I. The Influence of Robot Autonomy
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DOI：
10.1177/0018720819880641
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发表时间：
2019-10-15
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Gillan, Douglas J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Furlough, Caleb;Stokes, Thomas;Gillan, Douglas J.
目的：该研究探讨了人类如何将发生错误的情况归咎于人类、非自主机器人、自主机器人或环境因素。背景：当机器人和人类在团队中服务时，人类对其技术团队成员的感知可能是成功合作的关键组成部分，特别是当任务完成失败时。方法：参与者阅读一组描述人机团队任务失败的场景。编写单独的场景来强调人类、机器人或环境因素在导致任务失败中的作用。阅读完每个场景后，参与者将失败的责任归咎于人类、机器人和环境因素。结果：总体而言，责备量的顺序是人类、机器人和环境因素。如果场景将机器人描述为非自主性，那么参与者几乎不会将责任归咎于环境因素，而是将责任归咎于机器人。相反，如果场景将机器人描述为自主的，那么参与者将几乎与人类一样多的责任归咎于机器人。结论：我们建议人类使用责备等级制度，其中机器人被视为部分社会参与者，人们将其视为社会参与者的程度取决于自主程度。应用：人类同事对机器人的接受程度将取决于工作场所发生错误时的责任归属。目前的研究表明，机器人更大的自主权将导致工作任务中更大的责任归属。
Objective: The research examined how humans attribute blame to humans, nonautonomous robots, autonomous robots, or environmental factors for scenarios in which errors occur. Background: When robots and humans serve on teams, human perception of their technological team members can be a critical component of successful cooperation, especially when task completion fails. Methods: Participants read a set of scenarios that described human-robot team task failures. Separate scenarios were written to emphasize the role of the human, the robot, or environmental factors in producing the task failure. After reading each scenario, the participants allocated blame for the failure among the human, robot, and environmental factors. Results: In general, the order of amount of blame was humans, robots, and environmental factors. If the scenario described the robot as nonautonomous, the participants attributed almost as little blame to them as to the environmental factors; in contrast, if the scenario described the robot as autonomous, the participants attributed almost as much blame to them as to the human. Conclusion: We suggest that humans use a hierarchy of blame in which robots are seen as partial social actors, with the degree to which people view them as social actors depending on the degree of autonomy. Application: The acceptance of robots by human co-workers will be a function of the attribution of blame when errors occur in the workplace. The present research suggests that greater autonomy for the robot will result in greater attribution of blame in work tasks.