Characterization of cosmetic sticks at Xiaohe Cemetery in early Bronze Age Xinjiang, China.
Characterization of cosmetic sticks at Xiaohe Cemetery in early Bronze Age Xinjiang, China.
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DOI：
10.1038/srep18939
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发表时间：
2016-01-28
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Wang C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mai H;Yang Y;Abuduresule I;Li W;Hu X;Wang C
化妆品在社会文化研究中由来已久，其消费被视为人类社会的一种文化象征。本文对新疆小河墓地（公元前1980- 1450年）出土的红色化妆棒进行了分析。采用同步辐射显微计算机断层扫描（SR-μCT）技术对红色化妆棒进行结构分析，并采用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、拉曼光谱和蛋白质组学技术对化妆棒的化学成分进行表征。结果表明，该化妆棒是以牛心脏为原料，表面包覆一层赤铁矿粉作为色素而制成的。鉴于小河陵园内有大量的红色彩绘文物，这种化妆棒可能是一种原始的蜡笔，用于化妆和绘画。牛心作为化妆棒的使用是目前所知的第一次报道，这不仅反映了小河墓地牛的多种用途，而且显示了其独特的宗教功能。此外，这些红色的化妆棒通常与女性一起埋葬，暗示女性可能是画家，在宗教活动中扮演特殊角色。
Cosmetics have been studied for a long time in the society and culture research, and its consumption is regarded as a cultural symbol of human society. This paper focuses on the analysis of the red cosmetic sticks, found in Xiaohe Cemetery (1980–1450BC), Xinjiang, China. The structure of the red cosmetic sticks was disclosed by SR-μCT scanning (Synchrotron Radiation Micro-computed Tomography), while the chemical components were characterized by FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), Raman Spectroscopy and Proteomics. The results suggested that the cosmetic sticks were made from the cattle heart and covered with a layer of hematite powders as the pigment. Given the numerous red painted relics in Xiaohe Cemetery, this kind of cosmetic sticks might be used as a primitive form of crayon for makeup and painting. The usage of cattle hearts as cosmetic sticks is firstly reported up to our knowledge, which not only reveals the varied utilizations of cattle in Xiaohe Cemetery but also shows the distinctive religious function. Furthermore, these red cosmetic sticks were usually buried with women, implying that the woman may be the painter and play a special role in religious activities.