Examining the sensitivity of MM5–CMAQ predictions to explicit microphysics schemes and horizontal grid resolutions, Part I—Database, evaluation protocol, and precipitation predictions
Examining the sensitivity of MM5–CMAQ predictions to explicit microphysics schemes and horizontal grid resolutions, Part I—Database, evaluation protocol, and precipitation predictions
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.12.067
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发表时间：
2008-05
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Ashley Queen;Yang Zhang;R. Gilliam;J. Pleim
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ashley Queen;Yang Zhang;R. Gilliam;J. Pleim
由于气象、云和大气化学之间复杂的相互作用，化学物质的湿沉降是三维 (3-D) 空气质量模型中最难模拟的过程之一。 3D模型中不同的云微物理处理和水平网格分辨率可以直接影响模拟的云、降水和湿沉降。在本研究中，针对以北卡罗来纳州 (NC) 为中心的区域，评估了 2002 年 8 月和 12 月模拟降水、浓度和湿沉降对不同显式微物理方案和水平网格分辨率的性能和敏感性。检查了 MM5 中的四种显式微观物理方案：Reisner 1 (R1)、Reisner 2 (R2)、Dudhia (SI) 和 Hsie (WR)。降水评估表明，除 R1 8 月模拟显示国家酸沉积计划 (NADP) 站点的预测过高外，所有方案在 8 月和 12 月的所有站点均低估了月平均降水量。 8 月份沿海平原和山区以及 12 月份山区的一些地点对微物理方案的敏感性有所增加。 8月和12月模拟结果的差异主要归因于主要气象强迫（分别为中尺度与天气）的季节差异。在测试的方案中，R2 和 SI 在预测这两个月的降水量方面给出了最佳的整体性能。这些发现适用于具有相似气象和排放特征的北卡罗来纳州和邻近州。
Wet deposition of chemical species is one of the most difficult processes to simulate in three-dimensional (3-D) air quality models, due to the complex interplay among meteorology, cloud, and atmospheric chemistry. Different cloud microphysical treatments and horizontal grid resolutions in 3-D models can directly affect simulated clouds, precipitation, and wet deposition. In this study, the performance and sensitivity of the simulated precipitation, concentrations, and wet deposition to different explicit microphysics schemes and horizontal grid resolutions are evaluated for August and December 2002 for a domain centered over North Carolina (NC). Four explicit microphysics schemes in MM5 are examined: Reisner 1 (R1), Reisner 2 (R2), Dudhia (SI), and Hsie (WR). The precipitation evaluation indicates that monthly-average precipitation amounts are underpredicted by all schemes in both August and December at all sites except for the R1 August simulation that shows overpredictions at National Acid Deposition Program (NADP) sites. An increased sensitivity to microphysics schemes is found at locations in both the coastal plain and mountain regions in August and the mountain region in December. The differences in simulation results in August and December are mainly attributed to seasonal differences in dominant meteorological forcing (mesoscale vs. synoptic, respectively). Among the schemes tested, R2 and SI give the best overall performance in predicting precipitation for both months. These findings are applicable for NC and neighboring states with similar meteorological and emission characteristics.