Marine Population Genomics: Challenges and Opportunities
Marine Population Genomics: Challenges and Opportunities
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DOI：
10.1007/13836_2019_70
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Oleksiak;O. Rajora
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Oleksiak;O. Rajora
人口基因组学正在彻底改变生物学，并激发新的研究问题和方向。虽然人类健康推动了许多基因组学工具和方法，但所有其他生物领域都受益匪浅。在世界海洋中确实如此，因为海洋中有各种各样的物种和生态系统。在世界海洋中，种群基因组学方法使我们能够更好地了解栖息在这些生态系统中的生物体。虽然种群基因组学方法正在提高我们对海洋生物遗传多样性和种群遗传参数的理解，但它们也为海洋入侵，种群连接以及海洋生物如何应对不同的刺激和环境提供了意想不到的见解。一些例子包括查明地理位置无法预测的人口之间的联系，以及查明在自然选择下因环境和气候条件而产生的基因和遗传变异，作为负责适应的基因和途径的指标。这一知识很重要，因为世界上的许多海洋都没有得到充分的研究。这一知识对于了解海洋生物如何应对环境变化以及我们如何更好地保护海洋生物多样性和海洋资源也至关重要。也就是说，我们可以更好地预测增强迁移对减轻影响海洋种群的人为压力的影响，以及异交是否会提高种群生存率或导致异交抑郁症。简而言之，种群基因组学提供了遗传解决方案，可以更好地预测环境变化如何影响种群，从而为我们如何解决环境变化对重要海洋资源的有害影响提供了见解。在本章中，我们概述了海洋种群基因组学的挑战和机遇，讨论了如何利用种群基因组学来了解海洋生物多样性，种群人口统计和连通性，以及对环境变化的响应，并协助可持续管理，保护和养护海洋生物多样性。
Population genomics is revolutionizing biology and stimulating new research questions and directions. While human health has driven many of the genomics tools and approaches, all other biological fields have benefitted. This is certainly true in the world’s oceans, which encompass a large diversity of species and ecosystems. In the world’s oceans, population genomics approaches are giving us an unprecedented ability to gain a better understanding of the organisms inhabiting these ecosystems. While population genomics approaches are improving our understanding of genetic diversity and population genetic parameters in marine organisms, they also are providing unexpected insights into marine invasions, population connectivity, and how marine organisms are responding to different stimuli and environments. Some examples include identification of connectivity among populations that is not predicted by geography as well as identification of genes and genetic variants under natural selection in response to environment and climate conditions as indicators of genes and pathways responsible for adaption. This knowledge is important because so much of the world’s oceans is understudied. This knowledge also is critical for understanding how marine organisms will respond to environmental change and thus how we can better protect marine biodiversity and marine resources. That is, we can better predict the effects of enhanced migration on mitigating anthropogenic stressors affecting marine populations and whether outcrossing will enhance population survival or result in outbreeding depression. Simply put, population genomics provides the genetic resolution to make better predictions about how environmental change is affecting populations and thus provides insights into how we might address environmental change’s deleterious effects on important marine resources. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the challenges and opportunities for marine population genomics, addressing how population genomics can be used to understand marine biodiversity, population demographics and connectivity, and response to environmental changes as well as assist sustainable management, protection, and conservation of marine biodiversity.