PRIMARY PHOTOCHEMISTRY IN GREEN PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA
PRIMARY PHOTOCHEMISTRY IN GREEN PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA
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绿色光合细菌的初级光化学
DOI：
10.1111/j.1751-1097.1984.tb04655.x
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发表时间：
1984
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Robert Eugene Blankenship
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Robert Eugene Blankenship
货车尼尔在大约50年前开创的光合生物的比较生物化学研究，是阐明叶绿体和光合原核生物的当前关系和进化起源的一种特别富有成效的方法。也许没有任何一类光合生物比绿色细菌更能说明这一点，因为它们表现出一系列显著的特征，可以弥合其他生物群体之间的差距。近几年来，人们对绿色细菌中初级光化学机制的理解取得了迅速进展（Amesz，1983，1984）。绿色细菌的触角系统也包含一些不寻常的特征（Olson，1980）。绿色光合细菌的定义特征（Triiper和Pfennig，1978; Pierson和Castenholz，1978; Pfennig和Truper，1983）是存在细菌叶绿素（BChl）* c、d或e，其包含在绿色体中，绿色体是附着在细胞质膜下侧的膜外触角体。所有的绿色细菌还含有BChl a，其充当天线和反应中心色素。它们不含紫色细菌中发现的胞质膜典型内陷（Kaplan和Arntzen，1982）。绿色细菌被细分为两个科，绿藻科和绿曲菌科。绿藻科是非运动严格厌氧菌，通过元素硫氧化硫化物（硫细菌），并以与紫色硫细菌（色菌科）相似的有限方式利用碳（Kondratieva，1979）。绿弯菌科可以有氧生活，具有类似于紫色非硫细菌（杜鹃花科）的广泛碳代谢，以及类似于紫色硫细菌和厌氧绿色细菌的硫代谢（Pierson和Castenholz，1974 a，B，1978; Madigan和Brock，1975; Sirevag和Castenholz，1979）。它们具有丝状结构和类似于在某些蓝细菌中发现的滑动运动性;这两组也具有类似的极性脂质和类胡萝卜素组成（Pierson和Castenholz，1974 a;
Comparative biochemical studies of photosynthetic organisms, pioneered by van Niel some fifty years ago, are a particularly fruitful method of elucidating the current relationships and evolutionary origins of chloroplasts and the photosynthetic prokaryotes. Perhaps no group of photosynthetic organisms illustrates this point better than the green bacteria, in that they exhibit a remarkable range of characteristics that bridge gaps between other groups of organisms. The last few years have seen rapid progress in the understanding of the mechanism of the primary photochemistry in green bacteria (Amesz, 1983, 1984). The antenna systems of green bacteria also contain some unusual features (Olson, 1980). The defining characteristic (Triiper and Pfennig, 1978; Pierson and Castenholz, 1978; Pfennig and Truper, 1983) of green photosynthetic bacteria is the presence of bacteriochlorophyll (BChl)* c,d or e contained in chlorosomes, extramembranous antenna bodies attached to the underside of the cytoplasmic membrane of the cell. All green bacteria also contain BChl a that serves as both antenna and reaction center pigment. They do not contain the invaginations typical of the intracytoplasmic membranes found in purple bacteria (Kaplan and Arntzen, 1982). The green bacteria are subdivided into two families, the Chlorobiaceae and the Chloroflexaceae. The Chlorobiaceae are nonmotile strict anaerobes, oxidize sulfide by way of elemental sulfur (sulfur bacteria) and utilize carbon in a limited manner similar to that of the purple sulfur bacteria (Chromatiaceae) (Kondratieva, 1979). The Chloroflexaceae can live aerobically, have an extensive carbon metabolism similar to that of the purple nonsulfur bacteria (Rhodospirillaceae), and a sulfur metabolism similar to that of the purple sulfur bacteria and the anaerobic green bacteria (Pierson and Castenholz, 1974a, b, 1978; Madigan and Brock, 1975; Sirevag and Castenholz, 1979). They have a filamentous structure and a gliding motility similar to that found in some cyanobacteria; the two groups also have similar polar lipid and carotenoid compositions (Pierson and Castenholz, 1974a;