Shale barrier performance in petroleum systems: implications for CO 2 storage and nuclear waste disposal
Shale barrier performance in petroleum systems: implications for CO 2 storage and nuclear waste disposal
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石油系统中的页岩屏障性能：对 CO 2 储存和核废物处置的影响
DOI：
10.1144/geoenergy2023-006
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Fisher Q
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文献类型：
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作者：
Fisher Q
页岩通常需要充当核废料储存库周围和二氧化碳储存地点上方流体流动的天然屏障。页岩基质的小孔径使其成为流体流动的有效屏障。然而，沿断层或裂缝可能会发生泄漏。与安全处置所需的时间（最多 1 Ma）相比，实验可以深入了解短时间尺度（即 1-10 年）内与故障/断裂相关的泄漏。石油行业收集的数据提供了强有力的证据，证明页岩中的断层和裂缝如何在这样的时间尺度上影响流体流动。断层页岩充当石油储层的密封层和地质时间尺度上的异常压力（>10 Ma）。这一观察结果表明，页岩中的断层可以在不充当流动管道的情况下形成，或者充当临时管道但随后重新密封。粘土含量和弹性模量等指标特性可用于识别断层/裂缝可能自封闭的页岩。然而，如果维持高超压，与断层和裂缝相关的流体可能会穿过软弱的页岩。核废料储存库可以建在远离可能产生超压的地方。 CO2 储存地点的泄漏风险更大，因为 CO2 提供维持高压的动力，这可能会抑制自密封。 专题集：本文是 2022 年故障和顶部密封集的一部分，可在以下位置获取：https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/fault-and-top-seals-2022
Shale is often required to act as a natural barrier to fluid flow around nuclear waste repositories and above CO2storage sites. The small pore size of the shale matrix makes it an effective barrier to fluid flow. However, leakage could occur along faults or fractures. Experiments provide insight into fault/fracture-related leakage on short timescales (i.e. 1–10 years) compared to that needed for safe disposal (up to 1 Ma). Data collected by the petroleum industry provides strong evidence on how faults and fractures in shale impact fluid flow on such timescales. Faulted shales act as seals to petroleum reservoirs and abnormal pressures on geological timescales (>10 Ma). This observation suggests that faults in shale can either form without acting as flow conduits or act as temporary conduits but then reseal. Index properties such as clay content and elastic moduli are useful for identifying shales in which faults/fractures are likely to self-seal. However, fault and fracture-related fluid flow can occur through weak shales if high overpressures are maintained. Nuclear waste repositories can be sited away from where overpressures could develop. Leakage from CO2storage sites is more risky because the CO2provides drive to maintain high pressures, which could suppress self-sealing.Thematic collection:This article is part of the Fault and top seals 2022 collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/fault-and-top-seals-2022