Relating road salt to exceedances of the water quality standard for chloride in New Hampshire streams.
Relating road salt to exceedances of the water quality standard for chloride in New Hampshire streams.
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将路盐与新罕布什尔州溪流中氯化物水质超标相关。
DOI：
10.1021/es100325j
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Edward M. Walsh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Philip R. Trowbridge;J. Steve Kahl;Dari A. Sassan;Douglas L. Heath;Edward M. Walsh
在新罕布什尔州的六个流域进行了研究，以确定道路盐对溪流水质的影响。使用数据记录器每15分钟监测一次流中的比电导，持续一年。使用经验关系式从电导率计算氯离子浓度。流氯离子浓度直接与流域的发展，并呈负相关的径流。在最发达的四个流域中检测到超过EPA水质标准的氯化物。一年中的污染事件数与氯的年平均浓度呈线性关系。年平均浓度低于102毫克/升（-1）的溪流预计不会超过水质标准。氯化物输入到三个流域的速率范围从45至98毫克氯公里（-2）年（-1）。进口的氯化物中有91%是用于道路和停车场除冰的道路盐。一个简单的，质量平衡方程来预测年平均氯离子浓度从径流和氯离子进口率的分水岭。该方程结合水质标准偏差的表观阈值，可用于受损流域道路用盐的筛选级TMDLs。
Six watersheds in New Hampshire were studied to determine the effects of road salt on stream water quality. Specific conductance in streams was monitored every 15 min for one year using dataloggers. Chloride concentrations were calculated from specific conductance using empirical relationships. Stream chloride concentrations were directly correlated with development in the watersheds and were inversely related to streamflow. Exceedances of the EPA water quality standard for chloride were detected in the four watersheds with the most development. The number of exceedances during a year was linearly related to the annual average concentration of chloride. Exceedances of the water quality standard were not predicted for streams with annual average concentrations less than 102 mg L(-1). Chloride was imported into three of the watersheds at rates ranging from 45 to 98 Mg Cl km(-2) yr(-1). Ninety-one percent of the chloride imported was road salt for deicing roadways and parking lots. A simple, mass balance equation was shown to predict annual average chloride concentrations from streamflow and chloride import rates to the watershed. This equation, combined with the apparent threshold for exceedances of the water quality standard, can be used for screening-level TMDLs for road salt in impaired watersheds.