The Role of Environmental Exposures in Neurodegeneration and Neurodegenerative Diseases
The Role of Environmental Exposures in Neurodegeneration and Neurodegenerative Diseases
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DOI：
10.1093/toxsci/kfr239
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发表时间：
2011-12-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Greenamyre, J. Timothy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cannon, Jason R.;Greenamyre, J. Timothy
神经变性描述神经元结构和功能的丧失。许多神经退行性疾病与神经退行性疾病有关。许多是罕见的，纯粹是遗传原因。然而，随着癌症和心血管疾病等重大疾病治疗的改善，主要神经退行性疾病的患病率正在增加，导致人口老龄化。患者神经退行性变的神经学后果可能对精神和身体功能产生破坏性影响。大多数流行的神经退行性疾病的原因是未知的。神经毒性暴露在神经退行性疾病中的作用长期以来一直受到怀疑，并致力于确定致病因子。然而，大量病例的致病因素尚待查明。在这篇综述中，环境神经毒物暴露对神经退行性疾病的作用进行了讨论。选择阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、多发性硬化症和肌萎缩侧索硬化症是因为有关于环境影响的可用数据。神经系统对毒物暴露的特殊敏感性和神经变性的统一机制进行了探索。
Neurodegeneration describes the loss of neuronal structure and function. Numerous neurodegenerative diseases are associated with neurodegeneration. Many are rare and stem from purely genetic causes. However, the prevalence of major neurodegenerative diseases is increasing with improvements in treating major diseases such as cancers and cardiovascular diseases, resulting in an aging population. The neurological consequences of neurodegeneration in patients can have devastating effects on mental and physical functioning. The causes of most cases of prevalent neurodegenerative diseases are unknown. The role of neurotoxicant exposures in neurodegenerative disease has long been suspected, with much effort devoted to identifying causative agents. However, causative factors for a significant number of cases have yet to be identified. In this review, the role of environmental neurotoxicant exposures on neurodegeneration in selected major neurodegenerative diseases is discussed. Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis were chosen because of available data on environmental influences. The special sensitivity the nervous system exhibits to toxicant exposure and unifying mechanisms of neurodegeneration are explored.