Spore Germination
Spore Germination
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DOI：
10.1128/microbiolspec.tbs-0014-2012
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发表时间：
2015-12-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Cooper, Gareth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moir, Anne;Cooper, Gareth
尽管细菌内孢子能抵抗各种环境侮辱，但它能感觉到小分子的存在，并通过萌发、失去休眠孢子的特殊结构、恢复活跃的新陈代谢来做出反应，然后长出营养细胞。综述了我们目前对芽孢杆菌和梭状芽孢杆菌孢子萌发过程的了解，重点介绍了枯草芽孢杆菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌和炭疽芽孢杆菌中的萌发受体。最近关于“生殖小体”中受体局部聚集的证据将开始解释来自不同受体的信号是如何整合的。SpoVA蛋白在孢子形成过程中参与前孔对钙离子的吸收，在萌发过程中也负责其释放。芽孢杆菌和一些梭状芽孢杆菌中发现的裂解酶Sleb和CwlJ可以分解孢子皮质：其他梭状芽孢杆菌使用SLEC来达到这一目的。随着基因组测序的到来，人们认识到杆菌和梭状芽胞杆菌之间在萌发机制的设置上存在着相当大的差异。
Despite being resistant to a variety of environmental insults, the bacterial endospore can sense the presence of small molecules and respond by germinating, losing the specialized structures of the dormant spore, and resuming active metabolism, before outgrowing into vegetative cells. Our current level of understanding of the spore germination process in bacilli and clostridia is reviewed, with particular emphasis on the germinant receptors characterized in Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus anthracis. The recent evidence for a local clustering of receptors in a "germinosome" would begin to explain how signals from different receptors could be integrated. The SpoVA proteins, involved in the uptake of Ca2+-dipicolinic acid into the forespore during sporulation, are also responsible for its release during germination. Lytic enzymes SleB and CwlJ, found in bacilli and some clostridia, hydrolyze the spore cortex: other clostridia use SleC for this purpose. With genome sequencing has come the appreciation that there is considerable diversity in the setting for the germination machinery between bacilli and clostridia.