PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE FROM RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE CLEAVAGE SITE MAPS WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND THE APES
PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE FROM RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE CLEAVAGE SITE MAPS WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND THE APES
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1558-5646.1983.tb05533.x
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发表时间：
1983-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
TEMPLETON, AR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
TEMPLETON, AR
提出了从限制性内切酶切割位点数据进行系统发育推断的估计和检验程序。估计程序利用针对特定限制性内切酶的由限制位点模式构建的最简约树的酶数据集之间的相容性分析。接下来，给出了一种非参数检验用于比较不同的系统发育树。该检验利用基于推断出已发生的突变事件的定性类型以及突变事件数量的排序程序。由于该检验程序，该算法能够确定其统计上的优势和劣势区域。统计优势区域出现在估计程序往往在统计上一致且高效且简约性假设不关键的条件下。开发了第二种非参数检验用于检验分子钟假说。对来自人类和猿类的线粒体DNA和球蛋白DNA的数据进行了分析。尽管先前对这些数据的分析导致推测需要多10倍的信息才能解决人类与黑猩猩和大猩猩之间的进化关系，但该算法在5%的显著性水平上解决了这些关系。分子钟假说在1%的水平上被拒绝。从统计学和进化的意义上来说，这些结论是极其可靠的。当这种系统发育推断与其他类型的数据相结合时，其含义导致这样的结论：指关节行走，而非两足行走，是灵长类动物运动方式的进化新特征，并且许多其他原始人类的特征是原始的；它们在非洲猿类中的对应特征是衍生的。
Estimation and testing procedures are presented for making phylogenetic inference from restriction endonuclease cleavage site data. The estimation procedure utilizes a compatibility analysis between enzyme data sets of the most parsimonious trees constructed from the restriction site patterns for a specific restriction enzyme. Next, a non-parametric test is given for comparing alternative phylogenies. This test utilizes a ranking procedure based upon the qualitative types of mutational events inferred to have occurred and the number of mutational events. Because of the test procedure, the algorithm can identify its areas of statistical strength and weakness. The areas of statistical strength occur under conditions where the estimation procedure tends to be statistically consistent and efficient and the assumption of parsimony not critical. A 2nd non-parametric test is developed for testing the molecular clock hypothesis. Data derived from the mitochondrial DNA and globin DNA of man and the apes are analyzed. Although previous analyses of these data led to the speculation that 10 times more information would be required to resolve the evolutionary relationships between man with chimpanzees and gorillas, this algorithm resolved these relationships at the 5% level of significance. The molecular clock hypothesis was rejected at the 1% level. These conclusions are extremely robust in statistical and evolutionary senses. The implications of this phylogenetic inference when coupled with other types of data lead to the conclusion that knuckle-walking, not bipedalism, is the evolutionary novelty in mode of locomotion in the primates and that many other hominid features are primitive; their African ape counterparts are derived.