Influence of soil temperature and moisture on eruptive germination and viability of sclerotia of Sclerotinia minor and S-sclerotiorum
Influence of soil temperature and moisture on eruptive germination and viability of sclerotia of Sclerotinia minor and S-sclerotiorum
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DOI：
10.1094/pd-89-0050
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Porchas, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Matheron, ME;Porchas, M
研究了土壤温度和水分对小核盘菌（Sclerotinia minor）和小核盘菌（S。对田间土壤中的菌核病进行了检测。在两个恒温试验中，两种病原菌的菌核在湿土（大于或等于-0.02MPa）中萌发的比例随土壤温度从15 ℃升高到40 ℃而降低，而S. minor和S.在40 ℃下分别在1周和2周后检测到核盘菌。相反，在40 ℃的干燥土壤（小于或等于-100 MPa）中，1 - 4周后，S. minor和S.核盘菌分别为28 - 55%和42 - 77%。田间试验表明，S. minor和S.在灌溉土壤表面或埋在5 cm深处2 - 8周后，菌核的存活率显著低于在相同深度的干燥土壤中保持的菌核。另一方面，埋深10厘米后，在灌溉和干燥土壤中的菌核发芽没有显着差异后2至8周的S。2、4、8周后，S.菌核对于这两种病原菌，在平均温度为32 ℃的灌溉土壤中2 - 8周的菌核萌发显著低于在平均温度为26 ℃的灌溉土壤中的菌核萌发。在7月和8月进行的微区试验中，没有发现S. minor和S.从平均土壤温度为30 - 33 ℃的淹水土壤中恢复后，sclerotiorum分别在2周和3周后发芽。在尤马莴苣生产区，7月或8月期间经常对田地进行漫灌以进行盐管理。这些研究结果表明，在有S. minor和S. sclerotiorum可显著减少有活力的菌核的数量。
The effect of soil temperature and moisture on eruptive germination and viability of sclerotia of Sclerotinia minor and S. sclerotiorum in field soil was examined. In two trials at constant temperatures, the proportion of sclerotia of both pathogens that germinated in wet soil ( greater than or equal to-0.02 MPa) tended to decrease as soil temperature increased from 15 to 40degreesC, with no germination of sclerotia of S. minor and S. sclerotiorum detected after 1 and 2 weeks, respectively, at 40degreesC. In contrast, after 1 to 4 weeks in dry soil (less than or equal to-100 MPa) at 40degreesC, germination of sclerotia of S. minor and S. sclerotiorum ranged from 28 to 55% and 42 to 77%, respectively. In field trials, the germination rate of sclerotia of S. minor and S. sclerotiorum after 2 to 8 weeks in irrigated soil on the surface or buried at a depth of 5 cm was significantly lower than that for sclerotia maintained in dry soil at the same depths. On the other hand, after burial at a depth of 10 cm, germination of sclerotia in irrigated and dry soil did not differ significantly after 2 to 8 weeks for S. minor and after 2, 4, and 8 weeks for S. sclerotiortum. For both pathogens, germination of sclerotia from 2 to 8 weeks in irrigated soil with a mean temperature of 32degreesC was significantly lower than that for sclerotia in irrigated soil with a mean temperature of 26degreesC. In microplot trials conducted in July and August, no sclerotia of S. minor and S. sclerotiorum germinated after 2 and 3 weeks, respectively, after recovery from flooded soil with mean soil temperatures ranging from 30 to 33degreesC. A flood irrigation is often applied to fields for salt management during July or August in the Yuma lettuce production region. Results from these studies suggest that maintaining this flooding event for 2 to 3 weeks in fields with a history of lettuce drop caused by S. minor and S. sclerotiorum could significantly reduce the population of viable sclerotia.