Adaptive Strategies of Highlands-Origin Migrant Settlers in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
Adaptive Strategies of Highlands-Origin Migrant Settlers in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1022881506510
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发表时间：
2003-03
期刊：
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
M. Umezaki;R. Ohtsuka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Umezaki;R. Ohtsuka
这项研究考察了从南部高地省塔里盆地到巴布亚新几内亚首都莫尔兹比港的胡里语移民的适应策略。对两个湖里社区所有流动居民的访谈调查以及对三个主要聚居地的时间分配和食物消费研究表明，受访家庭的生计依赖于各种非正规部门的活动（如售货、小规模零售、放贷和养鸡）和正规部门的工作（如司机、公务员、保安和店主）。出乎意料的是，完全依赖非正规部门工作的家庭的平均收入等于或高于包括正规部门雇员的家庭的平均收入。此外，前者的平均工作时间较短。样本的特点是家庭间差异较大。每个家庭的居住环境和构成影响经济策略，进而决定收入、劳动时间和劳动效率。然而，食物和营养摄入量并没有太大差异，因为家庭之间的均衡机制（这是家乡的社会规范）在城市住区仍然发挥作用。莫尔兹比港定居点的作用也与“城市问题”和城乡联系有关。
This study examined adaptive strategies of Huli-speaking migrants from the Tari Basin in the Southern Highlands Province to Port Moresby, the capital of Papua New Guinea. An interview survey of all migrant dwellers in two Huli communities, and time allocation and food consumption studies in their three primary settlements revealed that the subject households relied for their livelihood on a variety of activities in the informal sector (e.g., vending, small-scale retailing, moneylending, and chicken rearing) and jobs in the formal sector (e.g., driver, public servant, security guard, and storekeeper). Unexpectedly, the average income of households that exclusively depended oninformal sector jobs was equivalent to, or higher than, that of households which included an employee in the formal sector. In addition, the average working hours were shorter in the former. Large interhousehold variation characterized the sample. The residential environment and composition of each household influenced economic strategies, which in turn determined the income, labor hours, and labor efficiency. However, food and nutrient intakes did not vary widely because leveling mechanisms among households, which are social norms in their homeland, still function in the urban settlements. The roles of settlements in Port Moresby are also discussed in relation to “urban problems” and rural-urban connections.