Decide Your Time
Decide Your Time
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决定你的时间
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Christy A. Visher
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Daniel J. O’connell;J. Brent;Christy A. Visher
研究综述
本研究采用随机对照试验方法，以400名高风险缓刑犯为样本，检验一个假设，即一个计划，包括威慑原则，渐进的制裁，并强制禁欲，将减少吸毒罪犯的累犯率。实施了双变量和多水平建模策略。研究结果显示，在随机分配到治疗条件和接受标准试用期的患者之间，多种药物使用，试用期和累犯措施之间没有明显差异。在多变量模型中，缓刑犯的年龄，就业状况和治疗参与改善了一些累犯的结果。程序和样本的特点进行了讨论，缺乏实验效果。
政策影响
这些研究结果表明，在设计和实施威慑知情的社区监督方法，政策制定者和从业人员应考虑罪犯的属性，增加就业和治疗为基础的方案和支持，以及当地的司法系统结构。这项研究的结果非常适合与其他新兴模式的罪犯监督，特别是那些匹配的服务和方案的基础上罪犯的风险和需求，以及那些认识到并解决罪犯人口的异质性，在制定监督和服务计划。对社区监管下的个人采取迅速、确定、公正的监管方式，似乎并不是“一刀切”的策略。对他们为谁工作以及在什么条件下工作的理解尚未确定。与此同时，政策制定者和从业人员应奋进了解当地罪犯群体的风险和需求，以及可用于改善罪犯结果和增加公共安全的社区支持。
Research Summary
This study used a randomized controlled trial approach with a sample of 400 high-risk probationers to test the hypothesis that a program incorporating principles of deterrence, graduated sanctions, and coerced abstinence would reduce recidivism rates among drug-using offenders. Bivariate and multilevel modeling strategies were implemented. Findings revealed no discernable difference across multiple drug use, probationary, and recidivism measures between those randomized into the treatment condition and those receiving standard probation. In multivariate models, probationer age, employment status, and treatment participation improved some recidivism outcomes. Programmatic and sample characteristics are discussed regarding the lack of experimental effect.
Policy Implications
These findings suggest that in designing and implementing deterrence-informed community supervision approaches, policy makers and practitioners should consider offender attributes, the addition of employment and treatment-based programs and supports, and local justice system structures. The findings of this study fit well with other emerging models of offender supervision, in particular, those that match services and programs based on offender risks and needs and those that recognize and address the heterogeneity of the offender population in developing supervision and service plans. Swift, certain, and fair supervision approaches for individuals under community supervision do not seem to be a “one-size-fits-all” strategy. Understanding for whom they work and under what conditions has not yet been determined. In the meantime, policy makers and practitioners should endeavor to understand the risks and needs of their local offender population and the community supports that are available to improve offender outcomes and increase public safety.