Developmental mechanics of the primate cerebral cortex
Developmental mechanics of the primate cerebral cortex
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s00429-005-0041-5
复制
发表时间：
2005-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Barbas, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hilgetag, CC;Barbas, H
大脑是通过预先确定的个体发育因素和自组织机制的相互作用而形成的，这一观点在生物学中有着悠久的传统，可以追溯到世纪末。在这里，我们说明了机械力对灵长类动物大脑皮层的发育，形态和功能的重大影响。通过对成年恒河猴前额叶皮质定量结构数据的分析，我们证明：（1）皮质回的特征性形状可以用皮质投射中轴突张力的整体最小化来解释：（2）皮质折叠产生的机械力对脑回和脑沟皮质层的相对和绝对厚度有显著影响;（3）折叠力可能影响皮质发育期间的细胞迁移，导致与非脑回区域相比，脑回区域中的神经元数量显著更多;以及（4）在细胞水平上机械诱导的形态变化可能导致脑回和脑沟中神经元功能的不同模式。这些结果强调了灵长类动物大脑皮层自组织过程中机械力的重要贡献。在发育机制的框架内考虑这些因素可以更好地理解遗传规范，连接布局，大脑形状以及大脑功能如何在正常和病理转化的大脑中联系起来。
The idea that the brain is shaped through the interplay of predetermined ontogenetic factors and mechanisms of self-organization has a long tradition in biology, going back to the late-nineteenth century. Here we illustrate the substantial impact of mechanical forces on the development, morphology, and functioning of the primate cerebral cortex. Based on the analysis of quantitative structural data for prefrontal cortices of the adult rhesus monkey, we demonstrate that (1) the characteristic shape of cortical convolutions can be explained by the global minimization of axonal tension in corticocortical projections; (2) mechanical forces resulting from cortical folding have a significant impact on the relative and absolute thickness of cortical layers in gyri and sulci; (3) folding forces may affect the cellular migration during cortical development, resulting in a significantly larger number of neurons in gyral compared to non-gyral regions; and (4) mechanically induced variations of morphology at the cellular level may result in different modes of neuronal functioning in gyri and sulci. These results underscore the significant contribution of mechanical forces during the self-organization of the primate cerebral cortex. Taking such factors into account within a framework of developmental mechanics can lead to a better understanding of how genetic specification, the layout of connections, brain shape as well as brain function are linked in normal and pathologically transformed brains.