Global Supply Chains of Coltan
Global Supply Chains of Coltan
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DOI：
10.1111/jiec.12206
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发表时间：
2015-06
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
D. Moran;D. McBain;Keiichiro Kanemoto;M. Lenzen;Arne Geschke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Moran;D. McBain;Keiichiro Kanemoto;M. Lenzen;Arne Geschke
钽是一种用于高性能消费电子产品的金属，其现货价格在2000年飙升，引发了刚果民主共和国（DRC）地表矿床手工开采的热潮。据称，从钶钽铁矿石或钶钽铁矿石中获得的利润在该国内战期间资助了武装分子。一位军阀声称，在2000年，钶钽铁矿石每个月能带来100万美元。虽然钶钽铁矿石开采既不是内战的必要原因，也不是内战的充分原因，但采矿与冲突之间存在着明显的联系。为了追踪刚果民主共和国的全球钶钽铁矿石流量，我们使用了高分辨率的多区域输入输出（MRIO）表和混合生命周期评估（LCA）方法来追踪国际供应链的出口，以估计各种产品的“钶钽铁矿石足迹”。在本案例研究中，我们的目的是强调使用高分辨率全球MRIO账户的混合LCA分析的功能和实用性。我们估计哪些供应链，国家和消费品携带最大的负载体现钶钽铁矿石。这一混合型生命周期评估案例研究提供了对钶钽铁矿石非法流动的估计，估计了钶钽铁矿石消费的足迹，并强调了使用混合型货币-实物投入-产出/生命周期评估方法来研究和量化作为生产投入的负面社会影响的优势和挑战。如果成功的话，混合LCA方法可能是一个有用的和方便的测量工具，了解冲突矿物在供应链中的流动。
The spot price for tantalum, a metal used in high‐performance consumer electronics, spiked in 2000, triggering a boom in artisanal mining of surface deposits in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The profit from columbite‐tantalite ore, or coltan, is alleged to have funded militants during that country's civil war. One warlord famously claimed that in 2000, coltan delivered a million dollars per month. While coltan mining was neither a necessary nor sufficient cause for the civil war, there is nevertheless a clear association between mining and conflict. In order to trace global flows of coltan out of the DRC, we used a high‐resolution multiregion input‐output (MRIO) table and a hybrid life cycle assessment (LCA) approach to trace exports through international supply chains in order to estimate a “coltan footprint” for various products. In this case study, our aim is to highlight the power and utility of hybrid LCA analysis using high‐resolution global MRIO accounts. We estimate which supply chains, nations, and consumer goods carry the largest loads of embodied coltan. This hybrid LCA case study provides estimates on illicit flows of coltan, estimates a coltan footprint of consumption, and highlights the advantages and challenges of using hybrid monetary‐physical input‐output/LCA approaches to study and quantify a negative social impact as an input to production. If successful, the hybrid LCA approach could be a useful and expedient measurement tool for understanding flows of conflict minerals embodied in supply chains.