Methods and indicators for measuring patterns of human exposure to malaria vectors
Methods and indicators for measuring patterns of human exposure to malaria vectors
复制标题
DOI：
10.1186/s12936-020-03271-z
复制
发表时间：
2020-06-16
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Killeen, Gerry F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Monroe, April;Moore, Sarah;Killeen, Gerry F.
要有效地确定针对成年疟疾病媒的干预措施的目标并对其进行评估，就需要了解个人保护方面的差距是如何产生的。更好地了解人类和蚊子的行为，以及它们在时间和空间上如何重叠，对于估计经杀虫剂处理的蚊帐的影响和确定何时何地需要补充个人防护工具至关重要。根据人们在哪里度过他们的时间来衡量人类接触叮咬按蚊的方法是在半个多世纪前首次开发的。然而，粗略的室内和室外叮咬率仍然通常被解释为表明人与病媒接触的模式，而没有对人类行为或驱虫蚊帐的个人保护效果进行任何调整。少量的人类行为变量捕捉室内和室外人群的分布，无论他们是醒着还是睡着了，以及他们是否以及何时在夜间使用ITN，可以更准确地表示人类叮咬暴露模式。然而，迄今为止，在应收集哪些数据、应报告哪些指标或应如何计算这些指标方面没有明确的指导。本文综合介绍了人与病媒相互作用的相关指标、量化人与病媒相互作用所需的重要昆虫学和人类行为数据要素以及收集和分析此类数据的建议。结论如果收集和使用一致，这些信息可以有助于更好地了解疟疾传播如何持续在当前的干预工具，如何暴露模式可能会改变新的病媒控制工具的引入，以及这些工具的潜在影响和局限性。本文旨在巩固迄今为止对该主题工作的理解，并为在此基础上的发展提供一致的框架。需要开展更多工作来解决剩余问题，包括进一步开发和验证昆虫学和人类行为数据收集和分析的方法。
Background Effective targeting and evaluation of interventions that protect against adult malaria vectors requires an understanding of how gaps in personal protection arise. An improved understanding of human and mosquito behaviour, and how they overlap in time and space, is critical to estimating the impact of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and determining when and where supplemental personal protection tools are needed. Methods for weighting estimates of human exposure to bitingAnophelesmosquitoes according to where people spend their time were first developed over half a century ago. However, crude indoor and outdoor biting rates are still commonly interpreted as indicative of human-vector contact patterns without any adjustment for human behaviour or the personal protection effects of ITNs. Main text A small number of human behavioural variables capturing the distribution of human populations indoors and outdoors, whether they are awake or asleep, and if and when they use an ITN over the course of the night, can enable a more accurate representation of human biting exposure patterns. However, to date no clear guidance is available on what data should be collected, what indicators should be reported, or how they should be calculated. This article presents an integrated perspective on relevant indicators of human-vector interactions, the critical entomological and human behavioural data elements required to quantify human-vector interactions, and recommendations for collecting and analysing such data. Conclusions If collected and used consistently, this information can contribute to an improved understanding of how malaria transmission persists in the context of current intervention tools, how exposure patterns may change as new vector control tools are introduced, and the potential impact and limitations of these tools. This article is intended to consolidate understanding around work on this topic to date and provide a consistent framework for building upon it. Additional work is needed to address remaining questions, including further development and validation of methods for entomological and human behavioural data collection and analysis.