Potential uses of biomonitoring data: a case study using the organophosphorus pesticides chlorpyrifos and malathion.
Potential uses of biomonitoring data: a case study using the organophosphorus pesticides chlorpyrifos and malathion.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.9062
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发表时间：
2006-11
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Angerer, Jurgen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barr, Dana B;Angerer, Jurgen
毒死蜱、马拉硫磷等有机磷农药是广泛使用的杀虫剂。它们在人体内没有明显的生物积累，并迅速代谢并随尿液排出。在非职业环境中，接触这些农药通常是零星的和短暂的，因为随着时间的推移，农药往往会在环境中降解；然而，饮食暴露可能是慢性的。生物监测已广泛用于评估毒死蜱和马拉硫磷的暴露、易感性和影响；因此，基于这些化合物的信息是数据丰富的。对于暴露的生物监测，毒死蜱和马拉硫磷已经在血液中进行了测量，但最典型的是测量了它们的尿液代谢物。为了评估早期影响和易感性，分别测量了胆碱酯酶和微粒体酯酶的活性。虽然已经产生并发表了许多关于这些化学物质的生物监测数据，但它们的解释并不简单。例如，暴露于毒死蜱和马拉硫磷的环境降解物可能会增加尿代谢物水平，从而导致对暴露量的高估。此外，暴露的时间性质使得暴露和影响的评估都很困难。我们概述了目前关于毒死蜱和马拉硫磷暴露的生物监测和其他相关数据，以及这些数据在各种环境公共卫生应用中的使用。
Organophosphorus pesticides such as chlorpyrifos and malathion are widely used insecticides. They do not bioaccumulate appreciably in humans and are rapidly metabolized and excreted in the urine. In nonoccupational settings, exposures to these pesticides are typically sporadic and short-lived because the pesticides tend to degrade in the environment over time; however, dietary exposures may be more chronic. Biologic monitoring has been widely used to assess exposures, susceptibility, and effects of chlorpyrifos and malathion; thus, the information base on these compounds is data rich. For biomonitoring of exposure, chlorpyrifos and malathion have been measured in blood, but most typically their urinary metabolites have been measured. For assessing early effects and susceptibility, cholinesterase and microsomal esterase activities, respectively, have been measured. Although many biologic monitoring data have been generated and published on these chemicals, their interpretation is not straightforward. For example, exposure to environmental degradates of chlorpyrifos and malathion may potentially increase f urinary metabolite levels, thus leading to overestimation of exposure. Also, the temporal nature of the exposures makes the evaluation of both exposure and effects difficult. We present an overview of the current biomonitoring and other relevant data available on exposure to chlorpyrifos and malathion and the use of these data in various environmental public health applications.