Dissipation of fomesafen in biochar-amended soil and its availability to corn (Zea mays L.) and earthworm (Eisenia fetida)
Dissipation of fomesafen in biochar-amended soil and its availability to corn (Zea mays L.) and earthworm (Eisenia fetida)
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氟磺胺草醚在生物炭改良土壤中的消散及其对玉米（Zea mays L.）和蚯蚓（Eisenia fetida）的有效性
DOI：
10.1007/s11368-016-1407-4
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发表时间：
2016-10-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Yu, Yunlong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Khorram, Mahdi Safaei;Zheng, Yuan;Yu, Yunlong
目的生物炭的应用已被证明可以有效提高土壤肥力和隔离土壤污染物。然而，生物炭改良剂对农药环境归趋以及农药对土壤环境中生物体的生物利用度的影响尚未完全了解。材料和方法在实验室条件下用三种不同比例的稻壳生物炭（0.5、1 和 2%（w/w））改良的农业土壤中氟磺胺草醚的消散及其对玉米（Zea mays L.）和蚯蚓的生物利用度结果和讨论生物炭改良剂显着增加了氟磺胺草醚的 DT50，从未改良土壤中的 34 天增加到 2% 生物炭改良土壤中的 160 天。此外，生物炭改良剂降低了土壤孔隙水中氟磺胺草醚的浓度，导致植物对农药的吸收降低。在这种情况下，2% 生物炭改良土壤中氟磺胺草醚的总植物残留物和土壤孔隙水浓度分别降至对照的 0.29% 和 0.28-45%。氟磺胺草醚在蚯蚓体内的生物利用度也得到了类似的结果，与对照水平相比，2%生物炭改良土壤中的蚯蚓残留物和土壤孔隙水浓度分别下降至对照水平的 0.38-45 和 0.47-0.50%。结论生物炭可以显着降低土壤孔隙水中氟磺胺草醚的浓度，从而减少植物和蚯蚓从污染中吸收氟磺胺草芬的量。对于土壤，生物炭改良剂可被视为将氟磺胺草醚固定在土壤中、保护非目标生物体免受氟磺胺草醚污染的适当选择。
PurposeBiochar application has been shown to be effective in improving soil fertility and sequestering soil contaminants. However, the impact of biochar amendments on the environmental fate of pesticides and the bioavailability of pesticides to living organisms in the soil environment is still not fully understood.Materials and methodsDissipation of fomesafen and its bioavailability to corn (Zea mays L.) and the earthworm Eisenia fetida in an agricultural soil amended with three different rates of rice hull biochar (0.5, 1, and 2 % (w/w)) under laboratory conditions was investigated.Results and discussionBiochar amendment significantly increased the DT50 of fomesafen from 34 days in unamended soil to 160 days in 2 % biochar-amended soil. Furthermore, biochar amendment decreased fomesafen concentration in soil pore water resulting in lower plant uptake of the pesticide. In this case, total plant residue and soil pore water concentrations of fomesafen in 2 % biochar-amended soil decreased to 0.29 % and 0.28–45 % of that in the control, respectively. Similar results were obtained for bioavailability of fomesafen in earthworms, as the earthworm residue and soil pore water concentration of fomesafen in 2 % biochar-amended soil declined to 0.38–45 and 0.47–0.50 % compared to the level of the control, respectively.ConclusionsAs biochar could markedly reduce the concentration of fomesafen in soil pore water and subsequently reduce plant and earthworm uptake of fomesafen from contaminated soil, biochar amendment could be considered an appropriate option for immobilizing fomesafen in soils, protecting nontarget organisms from fomesafen contamination.