Quorum sensing: A less known mode of communication among fungi
Quorum sensing: A less known mode of communication among fungi
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DOI：
10.1016/j.micres.2018.03.007
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Shah, Abdul Haseeb
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Padder, Sajad Ahmad;Prasad, Rajendra;Shah, Abdul Haseeb
群体感应（QS）是微生物细胞的一种密度依赖性信号传导机制，涉及一种称为自诱导物的低分子量信号化合物的交换和感觉。随着群体密度的增加，自诱导物在细胞外环境中积累，一旦其浓度达到阈值，许多基因被表达或抑制。这种细胞密度依赖性信号机制使单细胞能够表现为多细胞生物体，并在环境线索的指导下调节不同的微生物行为，如形态发生，发病机制，能力，生物膜形成，生物发光等。最初，QS被认为是某些细菌的特化系统。法尼醇对致病性多型真菌白色念珠菌的抑制作用的发现，也揭示了真菌中的QS现象。病原微生物主要通过QS系统调控毒力基因的表达。QS在微生物病原体多重耐药（MDR）出现中的间接作用需要找到靶向QS并抑制QS的替代抗菌治疗。由称为群体感应抑制剂（quorum sensing inhibitors，QSI）的小抑制剂分子执行的群体感应抑制（quorum sensing inhibition，QSI）的相关现象具有有效减少由群体感应调节的基因表达的能力。本文综述了近年来真菌群体感应分子（QSMs）和真菌群体感应抑制剂（QSIs）的研究进展沿着作用机制。
Quorum sensing (QS), a density-dependent signaling mechanism of microbial cells, involves an exchange and sense of low molecular weight signaling compounds called autoinducers. With the increase in population density, the autoinducers accumulate in the extracellular environment and once their concentration reaches a threshold, many genes are either expressed or repressed. This cell density-dependent signaling mechanism enables single cells to behave as multicellular organisms and regulates different microbial behaviors like morphogenesis, pathogenesis, competence, biofilm formation, bioluminescence, etc guided by environmental cues. Initially, QS was regarded to be a specialized system of certain bacteria. The discovery of filamentation control in pathogenic polymorphic fungus Candida albicans by farnesol revealed the phenomenon of QS in fungi as well. Pathogenic microorganisms primarily regulate the expression of virulence genes using QS systems. The indirect role of QS in the emergence of multiple drug resistance (MDR) in microbial pathogens necessitates the finding of alternative antimicrobial therapies that target QS and inhibit the same. A related phenomenon of quorum sensing inhibition (QSI) performed by small inhibitor molecules called quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs) has an ability for efficient reduction of gene expression regulated by quorum sensing. In the present review, recent advancements in the study of different fungal quorum sensing molecules (QSMs) and quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs) of fungal origin along with their mechanism of action and/or role/s are discussed.