A computational analysis of flanker interference in depression
A computational analysis of flanker interference in depression
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DOI：
10.1017/s0033291715000276
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发表时间：
2015-08-01
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Pizzagalli, D. A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dillon, D. G.;Wiecki, T.;Pizzagalli, D. A.
背景资料。抑郁症的特征是执行功能不佳，但在一些研究中，与直觉相反的是，在某些认知要求高的任务中，它与高度准确的表现有关。导致这一矛盾发现的心理机制尚不清楚。为了解决这一问题，我们应用漂移扩散模型(DDM)对参与抗抑郁药物临床护理反应(EMBARC)研究的多点调节和生物签名的抑郁症和健康成年人的侧翼任务数据进行了研究。100名未服用药物的抑郁症成年人和40名健康对照完成了一项侧翼任务。我们考察了侧翼干扰对准确性和反应时间的影响，并使用DDM检验了三个认知过程的差异：优势反应偏向(倾向于对分心的侧翼做出反应)、反应抑制(抵抗优势所必需的)和执行控制(在不一致的试验中执行正确反应所必需的)。与之前的报告一致，抑郁的参与者在不一致的试验中比对照组反应更慢和更准确。DDM表明，尽管抑郁参与者的执行控制迟缓，但这被减少的优势反应偏向所抵消。在抑郁参与者中，快感缺乏与执行控制速度的一个参数呈负相关(r=-0.28，p=0.007)。执行控制在抑郁症患者中延迟，但这被减少的优先反应偏差所抵消，这表明有执行功能缺陷的参与者仍然可以在认知控制任务中准确地表现。根据神经网络模拟的数据，我们推测这些结果可能反映了抑郁症患者纹状体多巴胺的紧张性减少。
Background. Depression is characterized by poor executive function, but - counterintuitively - in some studies, it has been associated with highly accurate performance on certain cognitively demanding tasks. The psychological mechanisms responsible for this paradoxical finding are unclear. To address this issue, we applied a drift diffusion model (DDM) to flanker task data from depressed and healthy adults participating in the multi-site Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response for Clinical Care for Depression (EMBARC) study.Method. One hundred unmedicated, depressed adults and 40 healthy controls completed a flanker task. We investigated the effect of flanker interference on accuracy and response time, and used the DDM to examine group differences in three cognitive processes: prepotent response bias (tendency to respond to the distracting flankers), response inhibition (necessary to resist prepotency), and executive control (required for execution of correct response on incongruent trials).Results. Consistent with prior reports, depressed participants responded more slowly and accurately than controls on incongruent trials. The DDM indicated that although executive control was sluggish in depressed participants, this was more than offset by decreased prepotent response bias. Among the depressed participants, anhedonia was negatively correlated with a parameter indexing the speed of executive control (r = -0.28, p = 0.007).Conclusions. Executive control was delayed in depression but this was counterbalanced by reduced prepotent response bias, demonstrating how participants with executive function deficits can nevertheless perform accurately in a cognitive control task. Drawing on data from neural network simulations, we speculate that these results may reflect tonically reduced striatal dopamine in depression.