A STUDY OF THE MECHANISM OF FROST INJURY TO PLANTS
A STUDY OF THE MECHANISM OF FROST INJURY TO PLANTS
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植物冻害机理研究
DOI：
10.1139/cjr38c-043
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发表时间：
1938
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. Scarth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Siminovitch;G. Scarth
在微冷冻装置中对耐寒和不耐寒的梓树和山茱萸植物的皮层以及红甘蓝表皮的分离组织进行观察，发现植物细胞有两种冷冻模式：细胞内冷冻和细胞外冷冻。在细胞内冷冻中，冰晶首先在原生质中形成，然后在液泡中形成。在细胞外冷冻中，冰由细胞内的水在细胞外形成。由此产生的细胞脱水导致其塌陷，相对的壁聚集在一起并将内容物挤压到外围。细胞内冷冻对原生质和液泡造成明显的机械破坏，对所有细胞都是致命的。它通过快速冷冻而得以促进，并且在耐寒组织以及树木和灌木中比在非耐寒和草本组织中更不易发生且频率较低。通过缓慢冷却引起的细胞外冷冻对于在冰点以下的所有温度下的树木和草本植物中的所有不耐寒的细胞都是致命的，对于耐寒的细胞也是如此。
Observations in a micro-freezing apparatus of isolated tissues of the cortex of hardy and non-hardy plants of Catalpa and Cornus species, and of the epidermis of red cabbage, reveal that there are two modes of freezing of plant cells, intracellular and extracellular.In intracellular freezing, ice crystals form first in the protoplasm and then in the vacuole. In extracellular freezing, ice forms outside the cells from water in the cells. The resulting dehydration of the cell causes its collapse, the opposite walls coming together and squeezing the contents to the periphery. Intracellular freezing is fatal to all cells by visible mechanical disruption of the protoplasm and vacuole. It is facilitated by rapid freezing and occurs less easily and less frequently in hardy tissues and in trees and shrubs than in non-hardy and herbaceous tissues. Extracellular freezing induced through slow cooling is fatal to all unhardy cells in trees and herbs at all temperatures below the freezing point, and to cells of hardy ...