Fluorescent Substances in Plants
Fluorescent Substances in Plants
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植物中的荧光物质
DOI：
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发表时间：
1953
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. H. Goodwin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. H. Goodwin
荧光物质有两个共同的性质：吸收辐射能和再辐射这种能量，通常在较长的波长。根据普林斯海姆和沃格尔（Pringsheim & Vogel，153）的说法，这种再辐射发生的速度非常快，通常不到10-7秒，并且与磷光不同，磷光是一种较慢的能量转移，可以在激发辐射熄灭后观察到余辉。荧光可以由X射线以及紫外和可见光辐射激发。荧光的光谱分布可以从紫外线一直到红外线。这篇评论将被任意地限制到在可见光范围内发荧光的植物来源的化合物。只有在这个过程在实验上不能与荧光本身区分开的情况下，才讨论磷的荧光。荧光是化学物质的一种非常有趣且有用的性质。它使人们能够检测，提取，分离，识别和测量微量的荧光化合物。鉴别和定量测定通常可以在粗制剂上进行。在某些情况下，物质的荧光可以在体内激发，从而允许化合物在生物体内的定位。当这些物质参与生物过程时，对其荧光的观察可以阐明这些过程的性质和速率。读者可以参考以下涉及荧光现象各个方面的书籍：Danckwortt（36），DeMent（38），Dhere（43），Forster（64），Haitinger（83），Pringsheim & Vogel（153）和拉德利& Grant（155）。在这些参考文献中可以找到大量的参考书目。
Fluorescent substances have two properties in common: that of absorbing radiant energy and that of reradiating this energy, usually at longer wave lengths. This reradiation takes place with extreme rapidity, often in less than 10-7 seconds, according to Pringsheim & Vogel (153), and is to be dis tinguished from phosphorescence, a slower energy transfer which can be observed as an afterglow following the extinction of the exciting radiation. Fluorescence may be excited by x-rays and by ultraviolet and visible radia tion. The spectral distribution of the fluorescence may range all the way from the ultraviolet to the infrared. This review will be limited arbitrarily to compounds of botanical origin which fluoresce in the visible range. Phos phorescence will be dealt with only insofar as this process is not distinguish able experimentally from fluorescence itself. Fluorescence is a very interesting and useful property of chemical sub stances. It enables one to detect, to extract, to isolate, to identify, and to measure minute amounts of fluorescent compounds. Identification and quantitative determination can often be carried out on crude preparations. In certain instances, the fluorescence of substances can be excited in vivo, thus permitting the localization of the compound within the organism. When these substances are involved in biological processes, observations on their fluorescence may elucidate the nature and rates of these processes. The reader is referred to the following books dealing with various aspects of fluorescence phenomena: Danckwortt (36), DeMent (38), Dhere (43), Forster (64), Haitinger (83), Pringsheim & Vogel (153), and Radley & Grant (155). Extensive bibliographies will be found in these references.