Current status and future tendency of lake eutrophication in China
Current status and future tendency of lake eutrophication in China
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DOI：
10.1360/062005-286
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发表时间：
2005-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Huang, CZ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jin, XC;Xu, QJ;Huang, CZ
对我国淡水湖泊营养现状及趋势进行了调查。结果表明，各湖泊普遍处于富营养化过程中，水质下降，湖泊生态系统正在衰退。大部分城市湖泊都面临着严重的富营养化。许多中型湖泊处于富营养化或富营养化状态，局部水体甚至接近富营养化水平。我国著名的五大淡水湖在营养负荷较高的情况下已进入富营养化状态。太湖、洪泽湖和草湖已处于富营养化状态。富营养化湖泊主要分布在长江中下游和云贵高原。湖泊富营养化发展迅速。在70年代研究的34个湖泊中，大多数湖泊处于中营养状态，中营养水域面积占91.8%。1978-1987年9年间，贫营养湖泊面积所占比例由3.2%下降到0.53%，富营养湖泊面积所占比例由5.0%上升到55.01%。近年来的调查数据表明，在40个被调查的湖泊中，57.5%的湖泊处于富营养化和富营养化状态，利用生态压力模型对长江中下游地区太湖、巢湖和玄武湖的富营养化趋势进行了预测。结果表明，如果不采取相应的控制措施，2008年太湖、巢湖和玄武湖分别可能处于富营养化、富营养化和富营养化状态。如果到2030年，污染水处理率达到60%，仍将有约300亿吨污染水直接排入湖泊。因此，2030年我国城市湖泊可能处于富营养化或富营养化状态，城乡结合部的大部分中型湖泊可能处于富营养化或富营养化状态。我国著名的五大淡水湖，如果采取目前的防治措施，可能会出现富营养化。湖泊富营养化已成为我国严重的环境问题。在总结国内外富营养化控制技术的基础上，提出湖泊富营养化控制应采取营养盐污染控制与湖泊生态修复并重的措施，为我国湖泊富营养化控制提供指导。
Current trophic status and trend of Chinese freshwater lakes were investigated in this study. The results showed that all lakes studied were commonly undergoing the eutrophication process, water quality decreased and lake's ecosystem is being declined. Most of the urban lakes are facing serious eutrophication. Many medium-sized lakes are in metrophic or eutrophic status, some local water are even approaching the hypertrophic level. The famous five freshwater lakes in China have entered into eutrophication in the condition of higher nutrient load. Lake Taihu, Hongze and Caohu are already in eutrophic state. Eutrophic lakes are mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River and Yungui plateau. Lake eutrophication developed rapidly. Among the 34 lakes studied in 1970's, most of lakes were in the mesotrophic status, mesotrophic water area accounted for 91.8%. With the nine year of 1978-1987 the area percentage of oligotrophic lakes decreased from 3.2% to 0.53%, and that of eutrophic lakes increased from 5.0% to 55.01%. Recent data showed 57.5% lakes were in eutrophic and hypertrophic status of the 40 surveyed lakes.Eutrophic trend of Lake Taihu, Chaohu and Xuanwu in the region of the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River was predicated using the ecological stress model. The results showed that in 2008 Lake Taihu, Chaohu and Xuanwu might be of eutrophication, eutrophication and hypertrophication, respectively if no control measurement is taken. Provided the pollution water treatment rate is 60% in 2030, approximately 30 billion ton pollution water would still be discharged directly in the lakes. Therefore, in 2030 the urban lakes in China might be eutrophication or hypertrophication, and most of the medium-sized lakes at the urban-rural fringe might be in eutrophication or hypertrophication. The famous five biggest freshwater lakes in China might be eutrophication if control countermeasures are taken as now. Lake eutrophication has become a serious environmental problem in China. Based on the domestic and foreign experiences of the eutrophic control technologies, both nutrient pollution control and lake ecological restoration should be carried out and this may be the guidance for the eutrophic control of lakes in China.