Trends in U.S. Adolescents' Media Use, 1976-2016: The Rise of Digital Media, the Decline of TV, and the (Near) Demise of Print

Trends in U.S. Adolescents' Media Use, 1976-2016: The Rise of Digital Media, the Decline of TV, and the (Near) Demise of Print
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DOI:
10.1037/ppm0000203
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发表时间:
2019-10-01
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Spitzberg, Brian H.
Spitzberg, Brian H.
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Twenge, Jean M.;Martin, Gabrielle N.;Spitzberg, Brian H.

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关于数字媒体(互联网、短信、社交媒体和游戏)是否取代或补充了旧的传统媒体(书籍、杂志、报纸、电视和电影等印刷媒体)的使用,研究得出了相互矛盾的结果。在这里,我们研究了1976-2016年美国8年级、10年级和12年级的全国代表性样本中媒体使用的代际/时间段趋势(N = 1,021,209; 51%为女性)。数字媒体的使用大幅增加,2016年12年级学生的平均上网时间是2006年的两倍多,到2016年,每天上网、发短信和使用社交媒体的时间总计约为6小时。2008年,只有一半的12年级学生几乎每天都访问社交媒体网站,而到2016年,这一比例达到了82%。与此同时,与前几十年的青少年相比,2010年代的iGen青少年花在印刷媒体、电视或电影上的时间明显减少。12年级学生每天阅读一本书或一本杂志的比例从20世纪70年代末的60%下降到2016年的16%,与20世纪90年代初相比,2016年8年级学生看电视的时间减少了近一个小时。性别、种族/民族和社会经济地位的趋势相当一致。自2000年代以来,数字媒体的迅速普及已经取代了传统媒体的消费。
Studies have produced conflicting results about whether digital media (the Internet, texting, social media, and gaming) displace or complement use of older legacy media (print media such as books, magazines, and newspapers; TV; and movies). Here, we examine generational/time period trends in media use in nationally representative samples of 8th, 10th, and 12th graders in the United States, 1976-2016 (N = 1,021,209; 51% female). Digital media use has increased considerably, with the average 12th grader in 2016 spending more than twice as much time online as in 2006, and with time online, texting, and on social media totaling to about 6 hr a day by 2016. Whereas only half of 12th graders visited social media sites almost every day in 2008, 82% did by 2016. At the same time, iGen adolescents in the 2010s spent significantly less time on print media, TV, or movies compared with adolescents in previous decades. The percentage of 12th graders who read a book or a magazine every day declined from 60% in the late 1970s to 16% by 2016, and 8th graders spent almost an hour less time watching TV in 2016 compared with the early 1990s. Trends were fairly uniform across gender, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. The rapid adoption of digital media since the 2000s has displaced the consumption of legacy media.