Forensic drug testing for opiates. V. Urine testing for heroin, morphine, and codeine with commercial opiate immunoassays.
Forensic drug testing for opiates. V. Urine testing for heroin, morphine, and codeine with commercial opiate immunoassays.
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阿片类药物的法医药物测试。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1993
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
J. Mitchell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. J. Cone;Sandra Dickerson;Buddha D. Paul;J. Mitchell
海洛因，吗啡，可待因管理后收集的尿液标本进行了测试，通过四个商业阿片免疫测定（TDX，CAC，ABUS，和EMIT）和GC/MS。定量免疫测定结果（吗啡当量）进行了比较，总吗啡，游离吗啡，或总可待因的GC/MS结果。广泛交叉反应免疫测定（TDx、ABUS和EMIT，300 ng/mL临界值）的平均检测时间范围为海洛因和吗啡给药后15-44小时和可待因给药后33-54小时。由于抗体对游离吗啡的高选择性，采用CAC（25 ng/mL截止值）获得的检测时间往往较短。TDx，CAC，ABUS与GC/MS，海洛因和吗啡给药后收集的标本在很宽的浓度范围内获得了高相关性。EMIT在较窄的浓度范围（0-1000 ng/mL）内与海洛因和吗啡样本具有高度相关性，但在较高浓度下反应趋于稳定。可待因给药后采集的标本的免疫测定反应存在显著差异。一般来说，这项研究表明，阿片类药物尿液检测的免疫测定反应可用作GC/MS确认的半定量指南;然而，可待因的存在增加了变异性，降低了免疫测定反应的准确性。
Urine specimens collected after heroin, morphine, and codeine administration were tested by four commercial opiate immunoassays (TDx, CAC, ABUS, and EMIT) and GC/MS. Quantitative immunoassay results (morphine equivalents) were compared with results by GC/MS for total morphine, free morphine, or total codeine. Mean detection times for the broadly cross-reacting immunoassays (TDx, ABUS, and EMIT, 300 ng/mL cutoff) ranged from 15-44 hours following heroin and morphine administration and 33-54 hours following codeine administration. Detection times obtained with CAC (25 ng/mL cutoff) tended to be somewhat shorter as a result of the high selectivity of the antibody for free morphine. High correlations over a wide concentration range were obtained for TDx, CAC, and ABUS versus GC/MS, with specimens collected after heroin and morphine administration. EMIT showed a high correlation over a narrow concentration range (0-1000 ng/mL) with heroin and morphine specimens, but responses plateaued at higher concentrations. There was substantial variability in immunoassay responses with specimens collected after codeine administration. Generally, this study demonstrated that immunoassay responses for opiate urine testing can be used as a semi-quantitative guide for GC/MS confirmation; however, the presence of codeine increased variability and diminished the accuracy of the immunoassay response.