Multiple antigens versus single major antigen in type 1 diabetes: arguing for multiple antigens
Multiple antigens versus single major antigen in type 1 diabetes: arguing for multiple antigens
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DOI：
10.1002/dmrr.1251
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发表时间：
2011-11-01
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
DiLorenzo, Teresa P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
DiLorenzo, Teresa P.
我们最近对文献的回顾显示，目前已知约有20种抗原在自身免疫性疾病1型糖尿病的NOD小鼠模型中被T细胞靶向。其中，胰岛素已受到相当大的关注，并已被一些研究团体描述为疾病中的“起始”或“单一主要”抗原。胰岛素可能确实配得上这些头衔，至少在NOD小鼠中以及在该品系中表达的特定主要组织相容性复合体分子的背景下。然而，在这里，我们提出的论点，赞成将1型糖尿病视为一种疾病，其中应考虑多种抗原，而不仅仅是一种。在我们看来，其他抗原在人类中可能更配得上这些头衔，表达的主要组织相容性复合体分子可能是一个决定因素。此外，即使胰岛素是1型糖尿病的“起始抗原”，已知即使在糖尿病前期也存在多种致病特异性，我们忽视它们是危险的。新的β细胞抗原的发现，e。G. ZnT8和嗜铬粒蛋白A告诉我们，我们仍然有很多关于1型糖尿病自身免疫反应的靶点需要了解。知识的增加将促进对疾病发病机制的更清晰了解，并将更好地定位该领域，以成功实现其免疫监测和疾病预防和逆转的转化目标。版权所有（C）2011约翰威利父子有限公司
Our recent review of the literature revealed that approximately 20 antigens are now known to be targeted by T cells in the NOD mouse model of the autoimmune disease type 1 diabetes. Of these, insulin has received considerable attention and has been described by some in the research community as an 'initiating' or 'single major' antigen in the disease. Insulin may indeed be worthy of these titles, at least in NOD mice and in the context of the particular major histocompatibility complex molecules expressed in this strain. However, here we present arguments in favour of viewing type 1 diabetes as a disease in which multiple antigens should be considered, rather than just one. In our view, other antigens may prove to be more worthy of these titles in humans, and the major histocompatibility complex molecules expressed may well be a determining factor. Furthermore, even if insulin is 'the initiating antigen' in type 1 diabetes, multiple pathogenic specificities are known to exist even during the prediabetic period and it is at our peril that we ignore them. The recent discovery of novel beta-cell antigens, e. g. ZnT8 and chromogranin A, has taught us that we still have much to learn about the targets of the autoimmune response in type 1 diabetes. Increased knowledge will promote a clearer picture of disease pathogenesis and will better position the field to be successful in its translational goals of immune monitoring and disease prevention and reversal. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.