The modern face of prejudice and structural features that moderate the effect of cooperation on affect.
The modern face of prejudice and structural features that moderate the effect of cooperation on affect.
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现代人的偏见和结构特征调节了合作对情感的影响。
DOI：
10.1037//0022-3514.73.5.941
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发表时间：
1997
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Miller,N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vanman,EJ;Paul,BY;Ito,TA;Miller,N
在三项研究中检查了面部肌肉活动和自我报告的种族偏见。在前两个实验中，白人参与者想象与黑人或白人伙伴合作。实验 1 在与有缺陷的伙伴合作的背景下操纵奖励结构。实验 2 操纵了伴侣的缺陷和付出补偿性努力的意愿。在面部肌电图和自我报告测量中，联合奖励比独立奖励产生更多的负面影响。然而，当所有合作伙伴愿意尝试弥补自己的不足时，他们都会更受欢迎。此外，据报道，人们更喜欢黑人伴侣，但肌电图活动表明对黑人存在偏见。实验3调查了偏见的个体差异。同样，在自我报告测量中，对黑人的偏好高于白人，但在面部肌肉活动中，高度偏见的参与者表现出对黑人的偏见。
Facial muscle activity and self-reports were examined for racial bias in 3 studies. In the first 2 experiments, White participants imagined cooperating with a Black or White partner. Experiment 1 manipulated reward structure in the context of cooperating with a deficient partner. Experiment 2 manipulated partner deficiency and willingness to expend compensatory effort. On both facial EMG and self-report measures, joint rewards produced more negative affect than independent rewards. However, all partners were liked more when they were willing to try to compensate for their deficits. In addition, more liking was reported for Black partners, but EMG activity indicated bias against Blacks. Experiment 3 investigated individual differences in prejudice. Again, a greater preference for Blacks than Whites occurred on self-report measures, but in their facial muscle activity, high-prejudiced participants exhibited bias against Blacks.