Doses of nicotine and lung carcinogens delivered to cigarette smokers
Doses of nicotine and lung carcinogens delivered to cigarette smokers
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DOI：
10.1093/jnci/92.2.106
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发表时间：
2000-01-19
影响因子：
10.3
通讯作者：
Zang, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Djordjevic, MV;Stellman, SD;Zang, E
背景：根据联邦贸易委员会(FTC)规定的机器吸烟法(每分钟抽一次2秒的35毫升烟雾量)获得的焦油和尼古丁的香烟烟雾产量可能不能准确反映向吸烟者传递毒素和致癌物的情况。我们进行了这项研究，以获得更现实的暴露于影响肺癌风险的香烟烟雾成分的估计。方法：我们使用压力传感器系统对133名被FTC评定为尼古丁含量在1.2毫克或以下的吸烟者(56名低产量香烟[每支香烟尼古丁含量小于或等于0.8毫克]和77名中等产量香烟[每支香烟尼古丁含量为0.9-1.2毫克])的吸食特性进行评估，我们将从这些吸烟者中随机选择的72名吸烟者的测量结果编程到活塞式机器中，以产生每个吸烟者通常品牌的香烟的烟雾，用于尼古丁、一氧化碳、焦油、以及肺癌致癌剂4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone和苯并[a]芘，联邦贸易委员会的方案也被用来评估研究对象最频繁吸烟的11种品牌中目标成分的水平。结果：与FTC协议值相比，中低产品牌的吸烟者吸入的烟雾(分别为48.6和44.1毫升)在统计学上显著更短(分别为21.3秒和18.5秒)，并且他们吸入的总烟雾量比FTC参数中指定的更大。他们获得的尼古丁和焦油分别是联邦贸易委员会派生的尼古丁和焦油的2.52.2倍和2.6%和1.9%，苯并[a]芘和4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone NONE的水平大约高出两倍。与低产量香烟的吸烟者相比，中等产量卷烟的吸烟者获得了更高剂量的所有成分。结论：FTC方案低估了吸烟者的尼古丁和致癌物质剂量，高估了低产量香烟的比例益处。因此，基于FTC的戒烟处方/推荐尼古丁用药剂量可能需要重新评估。
Background: Cigarette smoke yields of tar and nicotine obtained under the Federal Trade Commission (FTC)-specified machine-smoking protocol (35-mL puff volume drawn for 2 seconds once per minute) may not accurately reflect the delivery of toxins and carcinogens to the smoker. We conducted this study to obtain more realistic estimates of exposure to components of cigarette smoke that affect lung cancer risk. Methods: We used a pressure transducer system to evaluate puffing characteristics for 133 smokers of cigarettes rated by the FTC at 1.2 mg of nicotine or less (56 smokers of low-yield cigarettes [less than or equal to 0.8 mg of nicotine per cigarette] and 77 smokers of medium-yield cigarettes [0.9-1.2 mg of nicotine per cigarette]), We programmed measurements from a randomly chosen subset of 72 of these smokers into a piston-type machine to generate smoke from each smoker's usual brand of cigarettes for assays of nicotine, carbon monoxide, tar, and the lung cancer-causing agents 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and benzo[a]pyrene, The FTC protocol was also used to assess levels of targeted components in the 11 brands most frequently smoked by study subjects. Results: Compared with the FTC protocol values, smokers of low- and medium-yield brands took in statistically significantly larger puffs (48.6 and 44.1 mL, respectively) at statistically significantly shorter intervals (21.3 and 18.5 seconds, respectively), and they drew larger total smoke volumes than specified in the FTC parameters. They received, respectively, 2.5 and 2.2 times more nicotine and 2.6 and 1.9 times more tar than FTC-derived amounts, as well as about twofold higher levels of benzo[a]pyrene and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone none. Smokers of medium-yield cigarettes compared with smokers of low-yield cigarettes received higher doses of all components. Conclusions: The FTC protocol underestimates nicotine and carcinogen doses to smokers and overestimates the proportional benefit of low-yield cigarettes. Thus, FTC-based nicotine medication doses prescribed/recommended for smoking cessation may need to be reassessed.