SENSING NECROTIC CELLS
SENSING NECROTIC CELLS
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4614-1680-7_9
复制
发表时间：
2012-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Yamasaki, Sho
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miyake, Yasunobu;Yamasaki, Sho
多细胞生物已经开发出识别潜在危及生命的事件（危险信号）的方法。传统上，危险信号被定义为外源性病原体相关分子模式 (PAMP)，例如细菌细胞壁成分（例如脂多糖和肽聚糖）或病毒 DNA/RNA。 PAMP 与免疫细胞上的专用受体（即所谓的模式识别受体 (PRR)）相互作用，并激活免疫系统。一个著名的 PRR 家族是 Toll 样受体 (TLR)，其中每个成员识别一组特定的 PAMP。然而，不仅是外源性病原体，坏死细胞（受损的自身）释放的几种内源性分子也会激活免疫系统。这些内源性佐剂称为损伤相关分子模式（DAMP）。据报道，高迁移率族盒1蛋白（HMGB1）、尿酸、热休克蛋白（HSP）和核苷酸可作为内源佐剂。 DAMP 被主要在树突状细胞和巨噬细胞等抗原呈递细胞上表达的特定受体（危险受体）识别，并通过激活 NF-κ B 途径诱导细胞成熟和炎症细胞因子的产生。在本章中，我们将回顾坏死细胞及其识别受体释放的危险信号。
Multicellular organisms have developed ways to recognize potentially life-threatening events (danger signals). Classically, danger signals have been defined as exogenous, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as bacterial cell wall components (e.g., lipopolysaccharide and peptideglycan) or viral DNA/RNA. PAMPs interact with dedicated receptors on immune cells, so-called pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and activate immune systems. A well-known family of PRRs is the toll-like receptors (TLRs) in which each member recognizes a specific set of PAMPs. However, not only exogenous pathogens but also several endogenous molecules released from necrotic cells (damaged self) also activate immune systems. These endogenous adjuvants are called damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). It has been reported that high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), uric acid, heat shock proteins (HSPs) and nucleotides act as endogenous adjuvants. DAMPs are recognized by specific receptors (danger receptors) expressed mainly on antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages and induce cell maturation and the production of inflammatory cytokines by activating the NF-kappa B pathway. In this chapter, we will review danger signals released from necrotic cells and its recognition receptors.