Pharmaceuticals in the Canadian Environment
Pharmaceuticals in the Canadian Environment
复制标题
加拿大环境中的药品
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Servos
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Metcalfe;Xiu;W. Hua;R. Letcher;M. Servos
关于药物活性化合物（PhAC）释放到环境中的首批报告之一是在加拿大进行的一项关于温哥华污水处理流出物中选定药物浓度的研究。在温哥华的城市废水中发现了两种镇痛/镇静药物布洛芬和萘普生（Rogers等人，1986年）。自该研究以来，PhAC释放到环境中的问题已发展成为一个新兴的关注领域（Halling-Sorensen等人，1998年; Daughton和Ternes，1999年; Servos等人，2001年，2002年; Heberer，2002年a，B）。这些药物或其代谢物中的大多数被排泄或丢弃到城市废水中，并最终进入废水处理厂（WWTP）。在污水处理厂中，药物可能会迅速降解和矿化，或者这些物质（或其代谢物）可能相对持久。耐降解的亲水性化合物可以保持溶解在WWTP流出物的水相中，或者更多的疏水性物质可以结合到WWTP生物固体（即“污泥”）。因此，这些化合物可能通过将WWTP流出物排放到接收沃茨中而进入环境，或者它们可能与沉积在垃圾填埋场中或散布在农业用地上用于土壤改良的生物固体一起进入环境。与生物固体结合的PhAC可能渗入地下水，地下水可用作饮用水的来源（Heberer，2002年a、B; Sacher等人，2001年）。应用于农田的PhAC也可能通过径流转移到周围的地表水中。排入地表水的PhAC有可能污染饮用水源（Heberer等人，1997年，2001年）。
One of the first reports of the release of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) into the environment was a study conducted in Canada on the concentrations of selected drugs in the effluent from a Vancouver sewage treatment. Two analgesic/antiinflammatory drugs, ibuprofen and naproxen were identified in the municipal wastewater from Vancouver (Rogers et al. 1986). Since that study, the issue of the release of PhACs into the environment has developed into an area of emerging interest (Halling-Sorensen et al. 1998; Daughton and Ternes 1999; Servos et al. 2001, 2002; Heberer 2002a,b). Most of these drugs or their metabolites are excreted or are discarded into urban wastewaters and eventually make their way to wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Within WWTPs, drugs may be rapidly degraded and mineralised, or these substances (or their metabolites) may be relatively persistent. Hydrophilic compounds that are resistant to degradation may remain dissolved in the aqueous phase of the WWTP effluent, or more hydrophobic substance may bind to WWTP biosolids (i.e. “sludge”). Thus, these compounds may enter the environment through the discharge of WWTP effluents into receiving waters, or they may enter the environment in association with biosolids that are deposited in landfills or spread on agricultural land for soil amendment. PhACs bound to biosolids may leach into underlying groundwater, which may be used as a source of potable water (Heberer 2002a,b; Sacher et al. 2001). PhACs applied to agricultural fields may also be transported by runoff into the surrounding surface water. PhACs discharged into surface water have the potential to contaminate sources of drinking water (Heberer et al.1997, 2001).