MOVEMENT OF HYOID APPARATUS DURING CHEWING
MOVEMENT OF HYOID APPARATUS DURING CHEWING
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DOI：
10.1038/258069a0
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发表时间：
1975-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
THEXTON, AJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
CROMPTON, AW;COOK, P;THEXTON, AJ
吞咽过程中舌骨和喉部的运动仅在 man1-3 中得到了很好的证实。在人类和其他哺乳动物的咀嚼过程中，它们的运动（如果有的话）已被忽视。舌骨由后舌骨上肌（茎舌骨肌和二腹肌后腹）悬挂在颅骨的上方和后方，并由前舌骨肌（二腹肌前腹、下颌舌骨肌、颏舌骨肌和颏舌肌下纤维）悬挂在前面的颌联合区域。舌骨下或颈部的“带状”肌肉通过胸骨舌骨直接连接舌骨与胸骨，并通过喉部的甲状软骨（甲状舌骨和胸骨甲状软骨）以及肩胛骨（肩胛骨）间接连接舌骨和胸骨。舌骨器的这种排列在所有哺乳动物中都有发现，除了二腹肌可能没有直接的舌骨连接4：这种情况偶尔会在人类中发现2。根据人类吞咽的解剖学、电影学和肌电图学研究，这三组肌肉（前、后舌骨上肌和舌骨下肌）被认为在吞咽时联合作用，首先升高然后压低舌骨和喉部。后舌骨上和舌骨下也被经典地认为1,2起到“稳定”1或“固定”2舌骨的作用，以便前舌骨上，特别是二腹肌前腹6,7可以将下颌的联合区域拉向舌骨并张开嘴。下颌凹陷遵循每个咀嚼周期的动力冲程。舌骨器的经典观点是由一块稍微固定的骨头和一组肌肉组成，其唯一的积极作用是吞咽。这个概念可能导致这样的观点：由于人类的肩胛舌骨对舌骨运动或舌骨位置的控制做出了如此不确定的贡献，因此应该将“特定”1和“推测”2功能归因于该肌肉；即颈部筋膜的拉紧，以帮助在用力呼吸期间延长吸气时间。最新版《格雷解剖学》评论道，“到目前为止，肌电图学家还没有提供关于整个舌骨肌肉组织的有用数据”（第 508 页）。
THE movements of the hyoid bone and the larynx during swallowing are only well established for man1–3. Their movements, if any, during mastication in man and in other mammals have been neglected. The hyoid is suspended from the cranium, above and behind, by the posterior suprahyoid muscles (stylohyoid and the posterior belly of digastric) and from the symphyseal region of the jaw in front by the anterior suprahyoid muscles (anterior belly of digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid and the more inferior fibres of genioglossus). The infrahyoid, or ‘strap’ muscles of the neck connect the hyoid with the sternum directly by the sternohyoid and indirectly through the thyroid cartilage of the larynx (thyrohyoid and sternothyroid) as well as with the scapula (omohyoid). This arrangement of the hyoid apparatus is found in all mammals, except that the digastric may not have a direct hyoid connection4: a situation occasionally found in man2. These three groups of muscles (anterior and posterior suprahyoids and infrahyoids) are recognised, on the basis of anatomical, cinematographic5and electromyographic6studies of human deglutition, as acting in combination first to elevate and then to depress the hyoid and larynx in swallowing. The posterior suprahyoids and the infrahyoids are also classically regarded1,2as acting to “stabilise”1or “fix”2the hyoid so that the anterior suprahyoids, and particularly the anterior belly of digastric6,7, can pull the symphyseal region of the jaw towards the hyoid and open the mouth. Mandibular depression follows the power stroke8of every chewing cycle. The classical view of the hyoid apparatus is of a somewhat immobile bone and a group of muscles whose only active role is in swallowing. This concept may have led to the view that, since the omohyoid in man made such an uncertain contribution to hyoid movement or control of hyoid position, a “specific”1and “speculative”2function should be attributed to this muscle; namely the tensing of the cervical fascia to assist prolonged inspiration during forced respiration. The latest edition ofGray's Anatomy2comments, “so far no useful data in regard to the hyoid musculature as a whole have been contributed by electromyographers” (page 508).