Stress-induced gastrointestinal barrier dysfunction and its inflammatory effects
Stress-induced gastrointestinal barrier dysfunction and its inflammatory effects
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DOI：
10.2527/jas.2008-1339
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发表时间：
2009-04-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Lambert, G. P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lambert, G. P.
肠道屏障是由肠细胞膜、紧密连接、分泌粘液和免疫因素形成的，如组织巨噬细胞。这一屏障的功能障碍可由不同类型的应激(如生理、病理、心理、药物)引起，并可导致肠道通透性增加。内毒素是革兰氏阴性细菌壁上的一种成分，对内毒素的渗透性增加会导致局部或全身炎症反应，或两者兼而有之。免疫反应(S)可以促进更严重的情况。运动性中暑就是这种情况的一个例子。在严重的运动-热应激期间，可能与其他应激相结合，肠道血流量减少，肠粘膜直接热损伤，或两者兼而有之，可导致肠道屏障破坏和内毒素血症。由此产生的炎症反应被认为与体温调节改变和多器官功能障碍有关。预防或减轻或两者兼而有之的许多应激引起的肠道屏障问题的可能方法包括环境、药物或营养方法，或这些方法的组合。
The intestinal barrier is formed by enterocyte membranes, tight junctions, secreted mucus, and immunologic factors, such as tissue macrophages. Dysfunction of this barrier can be caused by different types of stress (e.g., physiological, pathological, psychological, pharmacological) and can lead to increased intestinal permeability. Increased permeability to endotoxin, a component of the walls of gram-negative bacteria, causes local or systemic inflammatory reactions, or both. The immune response(s) can then promote more serious conditions. Exertional heat stroke is an example of such a condition. During severe exercise-heat stress, possibly combined with other stresses, reductions in intestinal blood flow, direct thermal damage to the intestinal mucosa, or both, can cause intestinal barrier disruption and endotoxemia. The resulting inflammatory response is believed to be involved in altered thermoregulation and multiple-organ dysfunction. Possible means for preventing or attenuating, or both, many stress-induced intestinal barrier problems include environmental, pharmaceutical, or nutritional approaches, or a combination of these.