Affluent countries inflict inequitable mortality and economic loss on Asia via PM2.5 emissions
Affluent countries inflict inequitable mortality and economic loss on Asia via PM2.5 emissions
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envint.2019.105238
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Lenzen, Manfred
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nansai, Keisuke;Tohno, Susumu;Lenzen, Manfred
这项研究旨在量化由世界上消费最高的五个国家(美国、中国、日本、德国和英国)的消费导致的PM2.5排放在各个亚洲国家造成的死亡率和经济损失。仅在2010年，这五个国家的消费造成的经济影响就造成了近450亿美元的损失，亚洲有100多万人过早死亡，其中包括1.5万名5岁以下的儿童。受影响的国家之间，由消费者通过贸易推动的经济损失与增值的百分比差别很大。就美国而言，老挝的百分比跌幅最高，为4.1%，其次是孟加拉国的2.0%，均明显高于较发达国家的数字，例如日本的0.21%和韩国的0.18%。这反映了消费国和受影响国家之间存在的不公平价值链，并意味着发展中国家正在获得增值，以换取无意中增加的健康风险，拖延其发展，并可能造成恶性循环，阻碍减贫和公共卫生等领域亟需的改善。这种不公平的情况需要通过引入清洁能源和其他类型的技术援助来纠正，以帮助实现联合国可持续发展目标7、10和13。如果要减少早产婴儿死亡，这样的举措是必不可少的。
This research sets out to quantify the mortality and economic loss in individual Asian countries caused by the PM2.5 emissions induced by the consumption of the world's five highest-consuming countries (US, China, Japan, Germany, UK). In 2010 alone, the economic impact of these five countries' consumption caused a loss of almost 45 billion US dollars due to the premature deaths of more than 1 million people in Asia, including 15 thousand children younger than 5 years old. The percentage ratio of economic loss to value-added driven by consumers via trade differed greatly among the impacted countries. For the US, the highest percentage loss was 4.1% in Laos, followed by 2.0% in Bangladesh, both markedly higher than the figures for the more developed countries, such as 0.21% for Japan and 0.18% for Korea. This reflects the inequitable value chain existing between consumer countries and impacted countries, and implies that developing countries are obtaining value-added in exchange for unintentionally increased health risks, delaying their development and potentially creating a vicious circle that hinders much-needed improvements in areas like poverty reduction and public health. This inequitable situation needs to be redressed through introduction of clean energy and other types of technological assistance to help achieve United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 7, 10 and 13. Such as move is essential if premature infant deaths are to be curtailed.