Distribution of Chemical Stimuli
Distribution of Chemical Stimuli
复制标题
化学刺激的分布
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4612-3714-3_2
复制
发表时间：
1988
影响因子：
10
通讯作者：
J. Atema
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Atema
在化学接受的研究中，人们遇到化学刺激特有的两个主要困难。刺激的性质（即，所有刺激性化合物的光谱）不是组织在一个线性维度，如机械和电磁刺激的频谱；而刺激量（即刺激在空间和时间上的分布）也不能像辐射光声源的波动方程那样容易地用刺激扩散的数学公式来表示。相反，质量的化学光谱由环境中所有活性化合物组成，这些化合物被组织在一个未知的“n维超空间”中，化学刺激从它们的释放源通过环境的分布取决于分子扩散和载体介质的流体动力学。在微米到毫米和秒的时空尺度上，扩散占主导地位；在各种更大的时空尺度上，化学刺激被流体运动分散。本章将重点讨论化学刺激的分布及其对化学接受过程的影响，如受体生理学和刺激获取行为。
In the study of chemoreception, one encounters two principal difficulties that are unique to chemical stimuli. Stimulus qualities (i.e., the spectrum of all stimulatory chemical compounds) are not organized in one linear dimension such as the frequency spectra of mechanical and electromagnetic stimuli; and stimulus quantities (i.e., the distribution of the stimulus in space and time) cannot be expressed easily in mathematical formulations of stimulus dispersal comparable to the wave equation for radiating light and sound sources. Instead, the chemical spectrum of qualities consists of all reactive chemical compounds in the environment organized in what could be perceived as an unknown “n-dimensional hyperspace,” and the distribution of chemical stimuli from their source of release through the environment depends on molecular diffusion and on fluid dynamics of the carrier medium. At the spatiotemporal scale of micro- to millimeters and seconds, diffusion dominates the distribution process; at various larger spatiotemporal scales, chemical stimuli are dispersed by fluid motion. This chapter will focus on the distribution of chemical stimuli and its consequences for chemoreceptive processes, such as receptor physiology and stimulus acquisition behavior.