Beachgrass invasion in coastal dunes is mediated by soil microbes and lack of disturbance dependence
Beachgrass invasion in coastal dunes is mediated by soil microbes and lack of disturbance dependence
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DOI：
10.1002/ecs2.1527
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发表时间：
2016-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Seabloom, Eric W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
David, Aaron S.;May, Georgiana;Seabloom, Eric W.
生物入侵是对生态群落和生态系统的威胁，但了解介导入侵的过程以及这些过程重要的环境背景仍然是一个挑战。在这项研究中，我们调查了如何干扰和生物相互作用与病原体和微生物共生体介导入侵的美国滨草（Ammophila breviligulata）在早期和晚期演替沿海沙丘栖息地。首先，我们测试了干扰对两种外来滨草生物量的影响。breviligulata和已建立的A. arenaria）和本地的滨草（Escherichus mollis）通过生长植物和不干扰操作在早期和晚期演替的栖息地。我们量化了真菌共生体和植物寄生线虫感染的根定殖，以确定潜在的互利共生体和病原体对植物生物量的影响。其次，我们测试了土壤微生物是否与已建立的A。arenaria mediated A.利用演替初期和演替后期生境中的微生物对盆栽植物的入侵进行了研究。我们发现干扰对入侵的A. breviligulata或本地E. mollis，而A.在干扰条件下，沙蚕生物量增加。丛枝菌根真菌和真菌内生菌的定殖是植物生物量的预测差，植物寄生线虫很少观察。微生物的添加增加了A. breviligulata，而不是A.与对照组相比，沙蚕。总的来说，我们的研究结果表明，A.在早期和晚期的演替生境breviligulata入侵介导的干扰依赖性和土壤微生物的积极影响。这些结果有重要的影响，其他主要的演替系统，并有助于我们了解生态环境如何影响入侵过程。
Biological invasions are a threat to ecological communities and ecosystems, yet understanding the processes that mediate invasion and the environmental contexts in which these processes are important remains a challenge. In this study, we investigated how disturbance and biotic interactions with pathogens and microbial symbionts mediate invasion of American beachgrass (Ammophila breviligulata) in early-and late-successional coastal dune habitats. First, we tested the effect of disturbance on biomasses of two exotic beachgrass species (the invading A. breviligulata and the established A. arenaria) and a native beachgrass (Elymus mollis) by growing plants with and without a disturbance manipulation in early-and late-successional habitats. We quantified root colonization by fungal symbionts and infection by plant-parasitic nematodes to determine the effect of potential mutualists and pathogens on plant biomass. Second, we tested whether soil microbes associated with the established A. arenaria mediated A. breviligulata invasion by inoculating potted plants with microbes from early-and late-successional habitat. We found no effect of disturbance on biomass of the invading A. breviligulata or native E. mollis, whereas A. arenaria biomass increased when grown with disturbance. Colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and by fungal endophytes were poor predictors of plant biomass, and plant-parasitic nematodes were infrequently observed. Microbe addition increased belowground biomass of A. breviligulata, but not A. arenaria, compared to control treatments. Overall, our results suggest that A. breviligulata invasion in both the early-and late-successional habitat is mediated by its lack of disturbance dependence and positive effects of soil microbes. These results have important implications for other primary successional systems and contribute to our understanding of how ecological contexts influence invasion processes.