Definitions, measurements, and classifications of stimuli, situations, and environments
Definitions, measurements, and classifications of stimuli, situations, and environments
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刺激、情况和环境的定义、测量和分类
DOI：
10.1002/j.2333-8504.1975.tb01064.x
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发表时间：
1975
期刊：
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
L. A. Pervin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. A. Pervin
本文回顾了有关刺激、情境和环境的定义、测量和分类的问题。问题，如缺乏足够的定义的概念，测量程序中的错误和偏见，测量的概念和测量其行为影响之间的混淆，以及缺乏替代措施之间的协议强调。建议在研究生物体与环境的相互作用关系的同时，根据客观特征来定义概念。在这方面，强调了行为学家在定义刺激的同时研究它们与不同器官状态和情境背景的关系的工作。在Brunswik之后，还建议在可能的情况下，对自然环境中的变量进行有代表性的抽样。
A review is presented of issues relevant to the definition, measurement, and classification of stimuli, situations, and environments. Problems such as the lack of adequate definitions of concepts, error and bias in measurement procedures, confusion between measurement of a concept and measurement of its behavioral effects, and the lack of agreement among alternative measures are emphasized. It is suggested that concepts be defined in terms of objective characteristics while allowing for the study of the transactional relationship between organism and environment. The work of the ethologists in defining stimuli while studying their relationship to different organismic states and situational contexts is emphasized in this regard. Following Brunswik, it is also suggested that wherever possible there be a representative sampling of variables in natural settings.