MEMORY AND METAMEMORY - A STUDY OF THE FEELING-OF-KNOWING PHENOMENON IN AMNESIC PATIENTS
MEMORY AND METAMEMORY - A STUDY OF THE FEELING-OF-KNOWING PHENOMENON IN AMNESIC PATIENTS
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DOI：
10.1037/0278-7393.12.3.452
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发表时间：
1986-07-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
SQUIRE, LR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
SHIMAMURA, AP;SQUIRE, LR
其中8例Korsakoff综合征患者(平均年龄54岁)、8例电休克治疗(ECT)患者(平均年龄46.5岁)、4例SS(平均年龄47岁)、2组酒精对照组(SS组7例，平均年龄47.6岁；SS组19例，平均年龄48.5岁)和18例健康对照组(平均年龄49岁)。在实验一中，对无法回忆的一般信息性问题的答案进行了知情感准确性测试。学生们被要求根据他们认为自己能认出答案的可能性对未回忆起的问题进行排名，然后对这些问题进行再认测试。只有Korsakoff综合征SS在做出知觉预测时受到损害。其他健忘症被试在知觉预测上与对照被试一样准确。在实验二中，这些发现在测试新学信息的句子记忆范式中得到了重复。结果表明，元记忆受损并不是健忘症的必备特征，因为健忘症可以在没有可检测到的元记忆缺陷的情况下发生。Korsakoff综合征患者表现出的元记忆受损反映了一种认知障碍，这在其他形式的健忘症中是不常见的。(参考文献50)
Tested accuracy of the feeling of knowing in 2 experiments, using 8 patients with Korsakoff's syndrome (mean age 54 yrs), 8 electroconvulsive shock therapy (ECT) patients (mean age 46.5 yrs), 4 Ss (mean age 47 yrs) with other causes of amnesia, 2 alcoholic control groups (7 Ss with a mean age of 47.6 yrs and 19 Ss with a mean age of 48.5 yrs), and 18 healthy controls (mean age 49 yrs). In Exp I, feeling-of-knowing accuracy for the answers to general information questions that could not be recalled was tested. Ss were asked to rank nonrecalled questions in terms of how likely they thought they would be to recognize the answers and were then given a recognition test for these items. Only Korsakoff's syndrome Ss were impaired in making feeling-of-knowing predictions. The other amnesic Ss were as accurate as control Ss in their feeling-of-knowing predictions. In Exp II, these findings were replicated in a sentence memory paradigm that tested newly learned information. Results show that impaired metamemory is not an obligatory feature of amnesia, because amnesia can occur without detectable metamemory deficits. The impaired metamemory exhibited by patients with Korsakoff's syndrome reflects a cognitive impairment that is not typically observed in other forms of amnesia.(50 ref)(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)